Chewing tobacco
Chewing tobacco (also Priem ) is loud tobacco tax law of 13 December 1979 ( Federal Law Gazette I, p 2118 ) " tobacco in rolls, sticks, strips, cubes and blocks, which is prepared so that it does not for smoking but for chewing suitable ".
Production
Starting material of Kautabakherstellung are nicotine-containing raw tobaccos, especially Kentucky, Red Front parade, Geudertheimer, Pereg or Pergeu. American chewing tobacco consists mainly of cigar tobacco from Pennsylvania and Wisconsin. After harvesting, the leaves are aged for different lengths and then eg suspended for several weeks over hardwood fire, whereby the tobacco gets a special flavor, or air-dried. Before further processing, the dried leaves are fermented. Some varieties are then pressed at a moisture content of 8-12% in air-tight barrels, where they stored for ripening again for several months in a cool and dry place. The raw tobacco is then ready for processing into chewing tobacco. The tobacco is then sauced in different flavors. The sauces in which the tobacco is soaked, contain, among other fruit essences of oranges, lemons, plums, raisins, figs and honey, dextrose, Kandissirup and licorice or mint - menthol. After that, the tobacco - loose packed, packed pressed into a bar, or slightly dried and with a cover sheet to a long rope spun ( " Twist" ) - depending on machart. Pieces of this cable can now be rolled into snails, horseshoe etc. or cut into pieces.
Products
In Germany and Denmark are mainly roles, such as the Marshall snail, and separated by long ropes pieces, such as Oliver Twist, popular. The only German brand is:
- Grimm & Triepel Kruse (among Hanewacker and fishermen pin ) from the last German chewing tobacco chewing tobacco Grimm & Triepel Kruse GmbH in Witzenhausen in Kassel, founded in 1849.
Oliver Twist ( Royal / licorice ), Sunberry (blackcurrant ), Tropical (aniseed ), original (smoked tobacco ) is a popular chewing tobacco from Denmark, manufactured by House of Oliver Twist A / S, founded over 200 years ago. This tobacco was previously imported by the company Grimm & Triepel Kruse, this has now been taken over the company Kohlhase & Kopp.
In the United States solely to "Loose - Leaf" That's roughly shredded Kautabakblätter, or "plug ," offered one to the bolt pressed form of "Loose - Leaf ".
Among the most popular chewing tobacco varieties in the U.S. include:
- Red Man Golden Blend
- Red Man Select
- Red Man Silver
- Red Man Totems
- Red Man Plug
- Grizzly
- Select Granger
- Beech Nut
- Beech Nut Wintergreen
- Levi Garrett Loose Leaf
- Levi Garrett Extra
- Levi Garrett Plug
- Southern Pride
- Cannonball Plug
- Applejack
- Chattanooga
- Good Bite
- Mail Pouch
- Red Horse
- Lancaster
- Cotton Ball Twist Plug
- Days Work Plug
- King B Twist Plug
The largest producer is the " Pinkerton Tobacco Inc. " in Owensboro / Kentucky, where, inter alia, Red Man and Southern Pride are produced. Pinkerton is the U.S. subsidiary of Swedish Match.
Chewing tobacco past and present
Historically, chewing tobacco seamen popular since smoking was strictly forbidden on the wooden sailing ships for safety reasons ( risk of fire). Christopher Columbus had found not only the tobacco plant in his expeditions and brought to Europe, but also discovered that the Indians chewed tobacco balls, which were mixed with limestone. From this then the chewing tobacco.
Today, chewing tobacco is very popular with baseball players in the Major League Baseball ( MLB), because baseball is one of the few sports in which it is possible to chew chewing tobacco during the game. Especially since the majority of players are waiting for most of the game in the " dugout " on their use. There, chewing tobacco is often taken to divert to dismantle nervousness, but also to meet the cliché. Since chewing tobacco one, albeit small, risk to health entails, has a professional baseball, also because of the role model of professional baseball against children, tried to create an alternative to chewing tobacco. The result was " Big League Chew " shredded chewing gums, loose, similar to chewing tobacco, are packed in a bag. However, this could not prevail to date. In contrast, chewing tobacco is replaced by the baseball players by chewing sunflower seeds.
Use
Chewing tobacco is not only chewed. It is usually placed in the jaw. If the taste or the effect of tobacco subsides, it is easily expressed with the teeth. The tobacco juice nicotine poor chewing tobacco is swallowed by some consumers. With very strong tobaccos, it may if swallowed severe nausea associated with vomiting, come. Previously, there was therefore special spittoons to spit tobacco juice. Today, most consumers run their own container for the tobacco juice with it. The German and Danish chewing tobacco should not be confused with the American varieties, because the first two Kautabakarten are as small tobacco pellets in the mouth and are - the taste should subside - only chewed a little.
Health
Chewing tobacco contains nicotine like all tobacco products. There is no scientific evidence that nicotine itself causes cancer or heart disease.
Chewing tobacco contains tobacco-specific nitrosamines, some of which are carcinogens. Nitrosamines are contained naturally in the tobacco. The amount of nitrosamine in the end product is highly dependent on the selection and subsequent processing of the tobacco. The use of raw tobacco in nitrate, air drying, short storage times, a controlled fermentation process as well as airtight packaging are standard and reduce the level of nitrosamines in the final product in many tobaccos.
As part of the " harm reduction " movement in the United States, interest in smokeless tobacco has increased from both the consumer and on the part of science. There are now numerous large-scale studies and meta-analyzes, which show that the consumption of chewing tobacco and other smokeless tobacco products (eg, dip) the risk for oral cancer and many other cancers increased minimally.
One of the most prestigious medical societies, the Royal College of Physicians, published in 2002 an article in which it stated that the consumption of unburned tobacco in the order of 10 to 1000 times less harmful than smoking.
Four large meta-analyzes have evaluated all previous studies on smokeless tobacco and health.
The first dates from the year 2006., You came to the conclusion that the consumption of chewing tobacco the risk of oral cancer increases minimal. Thus, the relative risk for cancers in the oropharyngeal 1.2 and 1.3 for laryngeal cancer. The authors conclude that the consumption of smokeless tobacco - in any form as it is consumed in Western Zivilationen - the risk for cancer of the upper respiratory tract increased only minimally.
The second meta-analysis is from 2008 and examined the relationship between smokeless tobacco and cancer. She comes collectively to the conclusion that the risk of cancer of consumers smokeless tobacco is probably lower than that of smokers, and greater than that of people who consume no tobacco.
A third review is from 2009. Here the relation between smokeless tobacco and cancer in Europe and North America was re-examined. This study also concludes that the risk for oral cancer is a minimal increase in Kautabakkonsumenten. However, no significant increase more for the studies took place since 1990.
A fourth review of the year 2011 evaluated the previous two. It is summarized that smokeless tobacco of any Western-style is associated with a minimal increase in risk for cancer and cardiovascular disease.
When consumption of chewing tobacco there is no tar in the lungs can lead to deposits.
Often the comparison of smokeless tobacco and cigarette smoking is of interest. Currently, scientific state of affairs is that smokeless tobacco use around 99 % is less risky than cigarette smoking. Even the worst-case scenario results in an approximately 95 % reduction in health risk.
Swell
- A. Meurer: Tobacco - professionally screened. Dusseldorf 1973.
- Http://www.tabakanbau.de/de/poolinfo.php?id=8343
- Http://www.konsumo.de/news/3273-Tabak-rauchen-nikotin-passivrauchen-zigaretten-kreberregende-stoffe-gesundheitsrisiko