Children's railway
Pioneer railways were the railways in the GDR and other Eastern Bloc countries, where the pioneers, so children and young people in the youth organizations were allowed to do as a hobby service. Today A large part of these paths is called Park railway or railway children, often the operation is still mostly performed by children and adolescents.
Generally
Pioneer railways are parking or narrow gauge lines, which are so large that passengers can ride in the vehicle as a "real" railroad. You have gauges that ( 381 mm ) are only in individual cases under 15 inches. Can be reached in individual cases, a size that corresponds to an industrial railway ( light railway ) or narrow-gauge railway.
The term pioneer railway comes from the GDR. She stood in place of the term Parkeisenbahn or children's railway tracks for those that were operated by youth organizations like a real railroad, and is actually to be considered only in a historical context. But Colloquially, it is still common. The pioneer railroads of the GDR hot due to their location today all park railway, in other countries of the Eastern bloc, they often lie just outside and hot today often children's railway.
Basis for all pioneer railways in the GDR since 1980, the construction and operation order for pioneer railways (BOP). You "regulates the development, preparation and construction of new buildings, extensions and alterations, repairs of railway facilities and vehicles and the operation of the operating service, qualification and service execution of company employees ." In § 45 ( 5) regulate who was allowed to join: " pioneer railway workers, children and young people from the 4th to 12th school year and apprentices up to age 18 are. You must be fit, trained, tested and trained for their work. Pioneer railway workers are allowed to work only under the control of an operating railroad worker. "
In the GDR ( owner ) Park railways were in many cities operated by members of the Pioneer organization Ernst Thalmann and supported by the Deutsche Reichsbahn and therefore bore the name Pioneer Railway (as in Dresden or Berlin). These were taken by children and adolescents (under adult supervision ) and served them closer to a future career in the railways. Since reunification, they operate under the name of Park railway.
Even in other states of the CMEA such pioneer railroads were to be found.
For the frontier railway, there were two levels of training: Basic training for students up to Grade 7 and Grade 8 from the so-called complex training. After basic training was allowed to work as a train conductor, supervision, barriers and attendants at the input and output, and at the ticket counter. After complex formation, the qualification for the posts dispatcher, block guards and platoon leader was added. From the 9th grade students interested in technical AG were able to acquire the qualification to Beimann and brigade leader. The uniforms were the same as at the Deutsche Reichsbahn, but with variations. Moreover, stood for the younger pioneer railroaders shorts available. A "P " on the epaulettes made the difference to the railwaymen of DR ago. For every two years of service, there was a strip for the shoulder flaps. Before beginning the activity, the permission of the parents and a school report was required. Many students from the older vintages were from vocational guidance Cabinet ( BBK) mediates the Deutsche Reichsbahn to the park railway, if not delegated ( but this does not apply to all pioneer railways ). Quite a few pioneer railroaders chose a career with the railroad or even with the public transport operators. During the winter months, the training and education in mind.
Pioneer railroads of the GDR
1950 was opened in Dresden with simple means a children's railway, which was originally planned for only one year. 1951, the railway was retained as the first pioneer railway, the route was extended. 11 more tracks followed. The tracks are - with the exception of a section in Dresden - all single track and often run in circles or have - on the railroad otherwise atypical - turning loops. The longest route network, Berliner Park railway today.
Except for the train in Magdeburg all former pioneer railways are still present today. The trains are operated by different carriers, but there is not at all a regular operation, in some cases, there are only a few or no children and adolescents more than railwaymen.
Pioneer railways in other countries
The first Pioneer Railway was opened in Moscow in 1932, but set in the year afterwards. It was the end of the USSR total of 52 such webs across the country, which even today are still in operation often.
The Soviet model 1945 pioneer railways were opened to train young researchers of MÁV in Hungary in the year. In the Buda Hills, the first 11.2 km long route, which opened fully in 1950 was born. In 1990, this and the other tracks, as in Debrecen, Pécs or Tiszakécske in Children's Railway ( Gyermekvasút ) have been renamed.
In a similar way, developed in the other Eastern Bloc countries pioneer railways.