Cizre
Template: Infobox city in Turkey / Maintenance / County
Cizre (Kurdish Cizîr, also Cizîra Botan; Aramaic ܓ ܙ ܝ ܼ ܪ ܵ ܐ Gziro ) is a Turkish district town in the province of Sirnak in southeastern Anatolia with 104 844 inhabitants (as at end of December 2011).
Location
The town of Cizre, is 45 km from the provincial capital of Şırnak away at the Turkish- Syrian border on the river Tigris. Just north of the town of Cizre Dam of the Tigris was built. Cizre marks the point at which the Tigris is farthest from the Euphrates. The Tigris is navigable from Cizre, which gave an importance as a port town.
East of the city is the Cudi Dagi ( 2,114 m ), on which according to Islamic tradition Noah is stranded with his Noah's ark. The city is located at the northern end of the Al- Jazeera level. With 104 844 inhabitants live in Cizre more people than in the provincial capital of Şırnak.
Name
The ancient Aramaic name of the city was Gazarta d ' Kardū. Among the Persians it was called Gazarta. The fortress Bāzabdā known from the campaigns Schapurs II is equated with Cizre or Eski Hendek. The Abbasids named the city after her to governor Omar ibn ʿ Umar - in Djasirat. Among the Kurdish princes was called the city Cizîra Botan. The Aq Qoyunlu they called Ceziretuşşeref (Honorary value Cizre ). The Ottoman name of the city was Cezire -i Ibn -i Ömer. After the founding of Turkey in 1923, the name was shortened to today's Cizre.
Cizre is derived from the Arabic word for Jazirah (Arabic جزيرة Island '), since the city bathed the Tigris at high water like an island.
Population
The population of the city took its meaning from the 19th to the 20th century. In 1890 it amounted to 9,560 and fell to 1940 in 5575. In 1960 she rose to 6,473, and is now at 104 844 inhabitants. The entire district has 122 967 inhabitants Cizre. The majority of the inhabitants are Kurds. In the past there were also Arabic and Aramaic inhabitants.
History
Cizre was probably the center of the Iron Age kingdom of Kumme. In the 10th century the city, along with Mosul, the center of ʿ Uquail. The city is equated with the place Bāzabdā. Here Alexander the Great crossed on his train against the Persians the Tigris. In the Middle Ages Cizre belonged to various kingdoms such as the Marwaniden, the Zengids and Ayyubids. From the 16th century Cizre was part of the Ottoman Empire.
The city was from the 15th to the 19th century seat of the Kurdish principality of Botan, which was at times a vassal of empires. It was ruled by the Kurdish family of Azizan, whose last ruler was Bedirxan Beg.
Climate
In summer, temperatures can rise up to 50 ° C.
Management
Cizre is the only city in the county with a mayor. The town consists of ten Mahallen. In the district there are 27 villages and 19 hamlets.
Attractions
In Cizre is a tomb where Noah is supposedly buried. Furthermore, there is the alleged tombs of Mem and Zin, the hero of the book Mem u Zin. The Great Mosque ( Ulu Cami ) is one of the most important mosques in Southeast Anatolia. It dates from the 13th century
Famous people
- Al - Dschazarī - Arab engineer, inventor and designer
- Bedirxan Beg - Kurdish prince
- Şerafettin Elçi - Kurdish politicians
- Ibn al - Athir - Arab historian
- Melaye Cezîrî - Kurdish scholar