Coleoidea

The common squid ( Loligo vulgaris) is one of the Zehnarmigen squid

• Zehnarmige squid ( Decabrachia )
• Eight-armed squid ( Vampyropoda )
• Belemnites ( Belemnoidea ) †

The squid ( subclass Coleoidea or Dibranchiata ) are a subset of the cephalopods ( Cephalopoda ), which are characterized by an enclosed soft tissue cover (or its rudiments ) and the possession of an ink bag; in contrast to the no ink bag propertied, outside shelled cephalopods ( nautilus subclasses broader sense ( Nautiloidea ) and ammonites ( Ammonoidea ) ). They are therefore no fish, as these are among the vertebrates. In some (few) general and popular writings are also called squid ink snails.

Colloquially, and historically, is often only a subset of the Coleoidea, the cuttlefish, called squid. The cuttlefish ( Sepiida ), together with the squid ( Teuthida ) and the smaller orders of the dwarf cuttlefish ( Sepiolida ) and Posthörnchen ( Spirulida ) the group of Zehnarmigen squid ( Decabrachia ), which of the eight-armed squid ( Vampyropoda ) to which the octopus in the narrow sense ( Vampyromorpha ) provided ( Octopoda ) and the Cirrentragenden Kraken ( Cirroctopoda ) and the vampire squid -like, a distinction is made. The squid ( Coleoidea ) and the extinct belemnites or thunderbolts be expected ( Belemnoidea ), as some complete specimens ink bag were detected.

The oldest finds that one can safely assign the squid come from the Lower Carboniferous of North America. Finds of squid from the Lower Devonian of Germany have not yet be confirmed. Currently, we know from modern seas about 800 species, and new species are regularly described. From the fossil record more about 2000 species have been described.

In its height, the movement and responsiveness the squid overtop all other mollusks clearly. You have searched the vertebrates one of the highest forms of organization in the animal kingdom.

Octopuses are the smartest molluscs. Their nervous system shows a high degree of centralization, and forms a brain in the rear part of the head. All Coleoiden have two kidneys, one heart and two branchiale gills or heart ( atria ).

The eponymous ink bag is greater in Octopoda, and can therefore be used more frequently than the succession of the squid. In the latter, the ink bag is sometimes so small that it only extends to a discharge through the siphon. This already indicates that the primary defense strategy does not, as is commonly believed in building a " wall of fog " is. In reality, the " ink secretion " forms a relatively small, compact pigment granule cloud that hovers at the point at which a moment before was still of them scored by recoil squid. The attacking robbers should thus confuse the ink cloud with the prey and lose his false attack time, which uses the squid to successfully escape. Indeed, one can often observe how squid -eating predators (such as plaice, turbot ) snap into the cloud ( and only thus - as a kind of secondary effect - the vast swirl of pigments, so " Selbsteinnebelung " effect ). The blue color of the ink secretion is due to copper proteins.

System (overview, hierarchical)

Subclass Coleoidea

• Superorder Belemnoidea ( belemnites )
• Superorder Decabrachia ( Zehnarmige squid) Order Sepiida (octopus )
• Order Spirulida ( Posthörnchen )
• Order Sepiolida ( dwarf cuttlefish )
• Order Teuthida ( squid )

• Order Vampyromorpha ( vampire squid like)
• Order Octopoda ( Kraken )
• Order Cirroctopoda ( Cirrentragende Kraken )

Phylogeny

Thunderbolts ( Belemnoidea †)

Cuttlefish ( Sepiida )

Posthörnchen ( Spirulida )

Dwarf Cuttlefish ( Sepiolida )

Squid ( Teuthida )

Vampire squid ( Vampyromorpha )

Kraken ( Octopoda )

Cirrentragende Kraken ( Cirroctopoda )

Squid as food

→ Main article: octopus ( food)

Just like fish include squids to the food of man. The most popular are cuttlefish, squid and octopus, where they are often referred to by international trade as squid, calamari or calamaio, regardless of the biological taxonomy.

In the commercial squid are in whole or in pieces ( tentacles, rings, fillets ), fresh, frozen ( partially pre-cooked ), smoked or offered as a preserve. To prepare you basically removes the Chitinbein. Depending on the size of the animal inedible parts like the head, mandibles, larger suckers and the innards are removed in addition. Larger animals are pre-cooked before cooking in a herbal broth.

There have been several standard preparations emerged, which are supplemented by some regional ingredients.

• Stuffed tentacles, which then fried, baked or fried. Examples are calamaio al forno and calamari ripieni in which the filling of bread, eggs, garlic, onions and chopped anchovy fillets there.
• As stew in tomato sauce ( braisé )
• As fried pieces are cut as eg calamari fritti in the sheath into rings and tentacles in pieces

To use the ink sac see Sepia ( dye).