Columbian Exchange
The research goes back to the American historian Alfred W. Crosby expression Columbian Exchange (English for Colombian exchange ) is used since the 1970s to the enormous spread and interaction of first novel for each continent agricultural goods and products from Flora and Fauna to designate between the eastern and western hemisphere. He has appeared as one of the repercussions of European expansion after the discovery of America in 1492 by Christopher Columbus, and carried on both sides of the Atlantic to an environmental change, particularly in the natural history of Europe and America from the 16th century on.
The Columbian Exchange is an important basis for diverse, partly revolutionary historical developments of modern times, which is reflected also in the social, economic and political context of world history since about 1500.
- Canine
- Poultry (many styles)
- Camel
- Horses
- Ass
- Pigs
- Cattle
- Goats
- Sheep
- Western Honey Bee
- Canine
- Fowl (a few species)
- Lamas
- Alpacas
- Guinea pigs
- Rice
- Wheat
- Barley
- Oats
- Rye
- Beet
- Onions
- Cabbage
- Lettuce
- Peaches
- Pears
- Sugar
- Corn
- Potatoes
- Cassava
- Peanuts
- Tomatoes
- Pumpkins
- Pineapple
- Papaya
- Avocados
- Phaseolus
Bacterial:
- Tuberculosis
- Cholera
- Bubonic plague
Viral:
- Smallpox
- Yellow fever
- Measles
Parasitic:
- Malaria
Bacterial:
- Syphilis
Parasitic:
- Chagas disease
Effects
The exchange of plants and animals changed to the European, American, African and Asian ways of life. Foods that had never seen some folks were indispensable. Virtually no society on earth could resist the effects. This includes the cultural building of invasive species.
The year 1492 is chosen here as a general cut-off date, the respective onset of effects is by land quite different: For example, were potatoes before 1492 unknown outside of South America, but in the 18th century in Ireland indispensable. The first European import, the horse, changed the lifestyle of many Indians on the prairies in a nomadic lifestyle with hunting bison on horseback. The tomato sauce made from tomatoes from the New World were, an Italian trademark, but coffee and sugar cane from Asia were the most important crops in Latin America. Before there were no oranges in Florida, no bananas in Ecuador, no cattle and dairy products in Argentina, no rubber trees in Africa, no cattle industry in Texas and no chocolate in Switzerland.