Commelina

Commelina communis

Tagblumen ( Commelina ) is a genus in the family of Commelina family ( Commelinaceae ) within the monocot plants. The approximately 170 species are native to the tropics and subtropics.

The genus Commelina is named after the Dutch botanists Jan and his nephew Caspar Commelin. The botanist Charles Plumier named the Commelins in honor of this genre whose name Linnaeus took over later.

Description

Vegetative characteristics

Commelina species are annual or perennial herbaceous plants. They have fibrous or tuberous roots. The stems are creeping or erect, sometimes thickened rhizome, but no rhizomes available. The constant changing two lines or spirally on the stem arranged leaves are sessile or have short petioles.

Generative features

Terminally there are one or two zymöse inflorescences in a spathaartigen bract or two against permanent bracts. The clearly stalked, zygomorphic flowers are hermaphrodite or polygamous kleistogam, with some flowers then form exclusively male reproductive organs. The two Blütenhüllblattkreise are distinctly different. The three sepals are free or nearly free and are mutually shaped differently, the outermost two are often grown together like a hood. The three blue or white colored petals are free, are shaped differently, starting from the bottom can be very small, so that it sometimes seems as if it would be missing. The upper two are nailed to the base and having a substantially enlarged upper portion. Of the six stamens are three fertile ( fertile ), these have elliptical or saddle - like shaped anthers sterile stamens ( staminodes ) are X-shaped. The filaments of all stamens are glabrous. The ovary is sessile, glabrous, two to dreikammerig with one or two ovules per chamber.

There are two to dreifächerige formed, dry, dehiscent capsule fruits. The seeds have a smooth surface or are provided with various markings, they have a straight shaped hilum ( seed point ) on.

The basic chromosome number is x = 11 to 15

System

The genus Commelina belongs to the tribe Comme lineae in the subfamily Commelinoideae within the family Commelinaceae. The genus name Commelina was first published in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in Sp Pl, 1, p 40. Lectotype is Commelina communis L.. Synonyms for Commelina L. are Athyrocarpus Schltdl. ex Benth., Commelinopsis Pichon, Phaeosphaerion Hassk ..

The genus Commelina includes the following types:

  • Commelina acutispatha De Wild.
  • Commelina acutissima Urb.
  • Commelina africana L. Commelina africana subsp. africana
  • Commelina africana var glabriuscula ( Norl. ) Brenan
  • Commelina africana var karooica ( CBClarke ) Govaerts
  • Commelina africana var krebsiana ( Kunth ) CBClarke
  • Commelina africana var lancispatha C.B.Clarke
  • Commelina africana var milleri Brenan
  • Commelina africana var villosior ( CBClarke ) Brenan
  • Commelina africana subsp. zanzibarica thread
  • Commelina aspera var aspera
  • Commelina aspera var opulens ( C.B.Clarke ) thread
  • Commelina bracteosa subsp. bracteosa
  • Commelina bracteosa var lagosensis ( CBClarke ) thread
  • Commelina bracteosa subsp. rhizomifera thread
  • Commelina communis var communis
  • Commelina communis var ludens ( Miq. ) C.B.Clarke
  • Commelina dianthifolia var dianthifolia
  • Commelina dianthifolia var longispatha ( Torr. ) Brashier
  • Commelina diffusa subsp. diffusa
  • Commelina diffusa var gigas (Small) thread
  • Commelina diffusa subsp. montana J.K.Morton
  • Commelina diffusa subsp. violacea thread
  • Commelina eckloniana subsp. claessensii ( De Wild. ) thread
  • Commelina eckloniana subsp. critica ( De Wild. ) thread
  • Commelina eckloniana subsp. echinosperma ( K.Schum. ) thread
  • Commelina eckloniana subsp. eckloniana
  • Commelina eckloniana subsp. nairobiensis ( thread ) Thread
  • Commelina eckloniana subsp. thikaensis thread
  • Commelina elliptica Kunth
  • Commelina erecta var angustifolia ( Michx. ) Fernald
  • Commelina erecta var deamiana Fernald
  • Commelina erecta f dielsii ( Herter ) Bacig.
  • Commelina erecta subsp. erecta
  • Commelina erecta f hamipila ( C.Wright ex Sauvalle ) Brashier
  • Commelina erecta subsp. livingstonii ( C.B.Clarke ) J.K.Morton
  • Commelina erecta subsp. maritima ( J.K.Morton ) J.K.Morton
  • Commelina erecta f roseopurpurea ( Herter ) Bacig.
  • Commelina fasciculata subsp. chacoensis Slanis & Bulacio
  • Commelina fasciculata subsp. fasciculata
  • Commelina foliacea subsp. amplexicaulis thread
  • Commelina foliacea subsp. foliacea
  • Commelina latifolia var latifolia
  • Commelina latifolia var undulatifolia thread
  • Commelina nigritana subsp. aggregata thread
  • Commelina nigritana subsp. nigritana
  • Commelina polhillii subsp. kucharii thread
  • Commelina polhillii subsp. polhillii
  • Commelina rufipes var glabrata ( DRHunt ) Thread & DRHunt
  • Commelina rufipes rufipes var
  • Commelina schweinfurthii subsp. carsonii ( C.B.Clarke ) thread
  • Commelina schweinfurthii subsp. cecilae ( C.B.Clarke ) thread
  • Commelina schweinfurthii subsp. schweinfurthii
  • Commelina spectabilis var ramosa C.B.Clarke
  • Commelina spectabilis spectabilis var

Description of individual species

Commelina communis is native to Asia and is now found in many parts of northern Italy, where it proliferates in damp places, of channels, hedges and fields, even in gardens. The bracts of the sky-blue flowers are grown only on one side. In Japan, this species is grown as dye plant. The blue dye forms the base material for coloring the Awobanapapiers.

Commelina virginica is native to the U.S., they also wild light and has cone- like overgrown bracts.

Commelina coelestis is quite hairy. Their home is Central America.

Commelina benghalensis is crawling and has deep blue petals that are narrower at the base. This plant species can be cultivated only in areas with very moderate climate outdoors. Your home is the tropical Africa and Asia.

Swell

  • Deyuan Hong & Robert A. DeFilipps: Commelinaceae in the Flora of China, Volume 24, 2000, p 35: Commelina - Online. (Section Description and systematics)
  • Robert B. thread: Commelinaceae in the Flora of North America, Volume 22, 2000: Commelina - Online. (Section Description and systematics)
  • Walter Erhardt et al: The big walleye. Encyclopedia of plant names. Volume 2 Eugen Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart, 2008. ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7
Commelinales Caspar Commelijn Ovary (botany) Agricultural Research Service
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