Connellia

Connellia is a plant genus in the subfamily Lindmanioideae within the family Bromeliaceae ( Bromeliaceae ). Previously they were classified in the subfamily Pitcairnioideae. The genus name honors the English Connellia ornithologists and biologists Frederick Vavasour McConnell (1868-1914), the Augustae with JJ Quelch copies of Connellia and Connellia quelchii has gathered on the Roraima Tepui in the border triangle between Venezuela, Brazil and Guyana. The genus includes about six species. None of the species are used by humans and they are available in almost any botanical garden.

Description

In Connellia species are terrestrial or lithophytische, mostly xerophytic perennial herbaceous plants that can sometimes form by vegetative propagation stocks. Some species form small, non-woody stems, which may be branched, sometimes even in the course of many years.

In initial or terminal rosettes, the rough leaves stand together. The leaf sheath is well trained. The leaf edges are sawn smooth or prickly. At least the lower leaf surface is scaly. The stomata are clearly longer than wide and have narrow subsidiary cells.

Connellia species form a depending on the type 0.4 to 2.5 meters long inflorescence stem. The simple or branched inflorescences have bracts; if partial inflorescences are present, they contain only a few flowers. There are flower stems available. The eye-catching, hermaphrodite flowers are triple with double perianth. The three free, convoluten sepals are much shorter than the petals. The three free petals have no ligule, are bright pink to purple and spread in full bloom. There are two circles, each with three free stamens present, and they do not protrude beyond the petals. Three carpels are fused into a superior ovaries. The slim pen is upright and straight.

The flowers formula is: or

Are formed septizide capsule fruits. The small seeds have two relatively long appendages as wings.

Systematics and distribution

The genus Connellia was published by Nicholas Edward Brown in Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, series 2, 6, S, 66 in January 1901. Type species is Connellia Augustae ( RHSchomb. ) NEBr. , The Augustae as Encholirion by Robert Hermann Schomburgk in association Ratio Beförd. Horticulture royally. Preuss. States was 18, in 1846, 156 first published.

Since molecular genetic studies showed that the subfamily Pitcairnioideae was not monophyletic in their original scope, it was divided into several subfamilies. The subfamily of Lindmanioideae with the two genera Connellia and Lindmania was by Givnish et al. 2007 positioned. The Connellia species have larger and more intensively as compared with the petals Lindmania species.

The distribution area is the eastern Venezuela and adjacent areas in Guyana and Brazil. They occur only in the Guiana Shield of Ptari - tepui Roraima Tepui up. They thrive on non-forested slopes and summits of the tepui.

There are about six Connellia types:

  • Connellia Augustae ( R.H.Schomb. ) N.E.Br. ( Syn: Encholirium Augustae MRSchomb, Dyckia Augustae ( MRSchomb. ) Baker, Puya Augustae ( MRSchomb. ) Mez. ): It grows terrestrially or lithophytic at altitudes 2000-2800 m in Venezuela and Guyana.
  • Connellia caricifolia LBSm. Terrestrial or lithophytic It grows at altitudes 2300-2800 meters in the state of Bolivar in Venezuela.
  • Connellia nahoumii Leme: It grows in the state of Bolivar in Venezuela.
  • Connellia nutans LBSm. Lithophytic It grows at altitudes 1300-2400 meters in the state of Bolivar in Venezuela.
  • Connellia quelchii N.E.Br. ( Syn: Puya Augustae Mez, Puya roraimae Mez, Puya quelchii ( NEBr. ) LBSm. ): It grows lithophytic mostly at altitudes 2400-2800 meters in the state of Bolivar in Venezuela.
  • Connellia varadarajanii L.B.Sm. & Steyermark: It grows terrestrially or lithophytic at altitudes 2300-2800 meters in the state of Bolivar in Venezuela, locality is the Auyán - tepui.

No longer belongs to the genus:

  • Connellia smithiana Steyerm. & Luteyn → Lindmania smithiana ( Steyerm. & Luteyn ) LBSm.

Swell

  • The Bromeliaceae in APWebsite family. (English )
  • Harry E. Luther: An Alphabetical List of Bromeliad Binomials, 2008 (PDF, 321 kB) in The Marie Selby Botanical Gardens, Sarasota, Florida, USA. Published by The Bromeliad Society International. (PDF file, 314 kB)
  • Werner Rauh: Bromeliads - Tillandsias and other cultural worthy bromeliads, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1990, ISBN 3-8001-6371-3
  • Harold Robinson: A Monograph on Foliar Anatomy of the Genera Connellia, Cottendorfia, and Navia ( Bromeliaceae ) in Smithsonian contributions to Botany, number 2, 1969, pp. 1-41: PDF Online.
  • Thomas J. Givnish, Kendra C. Millam, Paul E. Berry & Kenneth J. Sytsma: Phylogeny, adaptive radiation, and historical biogeography of Bromeliaceae inferred from ndhF sequence data, in Aliso, 23, 2007, Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, S. 3-26: Online. (PDF, 2.1 MB)
  • Jason R. Grant: An annotated catalog of the generic names of the Bromeliaceae, 1998: Online - About the names of the genera of the Bromeliaceae. ( Section systematics)
  • Lyman B. Smith & Robert Jack Downs: Flora Neotropica, no. 14, 1: Pitcairnioideae ( Bromeliaceae ), 1974, Hafner Press, New York, USA. ISBN 0-89327-303-1: Connellia on page 212
  • Julian A. Steyermark, Paul E. Berry & Bruce K. Holst: Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana, Volume 3, Araliaceae - Cactaceae, 1997 ISBN 0-915279-46-0.
N. E. Brown Ovary (botany) Lyman Bradford Smith Auyán-tepui
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