Cowl

A cowl (from the Latin cucullus " bag ", from Celtic kukka " summit " in a figurative sense " hood " ) was originally a the Cowl similar union with hood, of varying length, which was in use particularly in the High Middle Ages. Today referred cowl, also known as scalloped or flake, especially a part of the Habits of certain religious communities. This is it, this is a richly pleated floor-length outer garment with very wide sleeves, worn by the members of these communities, monks and nuns to worship.

In the Eastern Churches the Koukoulion is a pointed or round headgear senior monks with two long mitres.

Precursor

As early as the 1st century AD, the Romans knew the cucullus, a hooded jacket with a roughly extending to the buttocks, front closed or closable shoulder protection made ​​of dark wool fabric or leather, which was particularly worn by the Celts when traveling or hunting for weather protection. However, the bards contributed much longer ( probably around cut ) hooded coats that bardocucullus by the Romans or sagum were called cucullatum. They are also the characteristic garment of a dwarfed Celtic guardian spirits of genii Cucullati.

The cucullus was taken over by the Roman legionaries in the form of oval-shaped Paenula for weather protection. In addition, the Celts wore (and later Germanic ) Caracalla: a skirt with long sleeves, which was also often provided with a hood. This skirt was Bassianus Marcus Aurelius introduced after his Germania campaign in 213 in Rome, of which the Emperor received his widely known nickname of " Caracalla ".

In medieval Latin were similar, open-front coats, sometimes with detachable hood, cape as referred to, from which the present-day names Cape, Capot, cap and hood have emerged, also chapel (after the soldier's cloak of St. Martin).

Habit

In the cowl of the monastic religious communities there is a wide, ankle-length robe with long, very wide sleeves, which is thrown over. The cowl is passed to the Order member to perpetual profession. It is the celebration of the Holy Mass, carried to any or all Tagzeiten of the Divine or to meetings of the Community in the Chapter House. Depending on the color of the Habits of the Congregation, the cowl is white ( Cistercians, Carthusians ) or black ( Benedictine ). The cowl is not to be confused with the mantle of the mendicant orders, which is already given to the relatives of these communities for the outfitting.

Koukoulion

The Koukoulion ( Church Slavonic: Kukol ) is the traditional headgear of high -ranking member of inger monastic order in the Orthodox Churches and Eastern Catholic Churches, and in this case particularly the patriarchs.

Since the reforms of Patriarch Nikon in the 17th century, carrying both monks and nuns of the highest rank ( skhimonakh ) on her coat a sharp, black hood with two long mitres that cover the neck and the chest, and the soft hoods Western Order is quite similar. Usually it is but with crosses, six -winged seraphim, of the Passion, the text of the Trisagion, or the like embroidered. Monks lower ranks, however, bear the stiff, flat-topped Klobuk.

On the other hand, the Patriarch of Moscow traditionally wear a white, stiff and round Koukoulion, similar to a melon without brim. At the top there is a symbolic representation of Mount Zion with a cross. The patriarch bears the Koukoulion of its own motion, regardless of whether he has actually received the highest consecrations, or not. Also bear Primates certain other autocephalous Orthodox churches, such as Catholicos - Patriarch of Georgia, similar headgear.