Craugastoridae

Noblella pygmaea

The Craugastoridae are a neotropisch widespread family of frogs and toads ( Anura ), which was established due to phylogenetic studies in 2008. 2011, the family Craugastoridae Pyron and Wiens with the also 2008 by Hedges et was. al. established family Strabomantidae united. Many species of the two families had been filed before 2008 in other taxa, for example in the huge collection of the genus Antilles Pfeiffrösche ( Eleutherodactylus ) as well as the family of Südfrösche ( Leptodactylidae ). The new combined taxon Craugastoridae currently comprises four subfamilies and seven genera that could still be assigned to any subfamily. By far the largest genus is Pristimantis with more than 450 described species by the end of 2013.

Features

Often it is very small, 20 to 50 mm Anura, who live either on the ground or climb by adhesive discs in the vegetation. Characteristic of the biology of the family is a direct development, ie an " omission " of the aquatilen Kaulquappenstadiums. Instead, the larval development takes place within the eggs deposited on land and slip it finished young frogs from. This type of development is also observed in three other frog families that are grouped together with the Craugastoridae to the clade Terrarana.

Various features of the females and the males in some species refer to relationships beyond the boundaries of the subfamilies of time. So Strabomantis aramunha because of the unique skull morphology of the females in the genus Strabomantis ( Strabomantinae ) was provided, which is located in northwestern South America. However, the examination of the male and the juvenile forms presented a close relationship with the belonging to the subfamily Craugastorinae genus Haddadus. Finally, the species was transferred to the genus Haddadus, who lives on the slopes of the Serra do Espinhaço and the neighboring eastern coastal regions of Brazil.

Dissemination

The representatives of the Craugastoridae are common in Central and South America; their area extends from eastern Honduras in the north to the eastern slopes of the Andes in north-eastern Argentina and the Atlantic coastal rain forests of southern Brazil to the south.

Taxonomy

( Editing as of March 2013)

Subfamily Craugastorinae Hedges, Duellman & Heinicke, 2008

Genus Craugastor
Genus Haddadus

Subfamily Holoadeninae Hedges, Duellman & Heinicke, 2008

Genus Barycholos Heyer, 1969
Genus Bryophryne Hedges, Duellman & Heinicke, 2008
Genus Euparkerella Griffiths, 1959
Genus Holoaden Miranda - Ribeiro, 1920
Genus Noblella Barbour, 1930
Genus Psychrophrynella Hedges, Duellman & Heinicke, 2008

Subfamily Pristimantinae

Genus Lynchius Hedges, Duellman & Heinicke, 2008
Genus Oreobates Jiménez de la Espada, 1872
Genus Phrynopus Peters, 1873
Genus Pristimantis Jiménez de la Espada, 1870

Subfamily Strabomantinae Hedges, Duellman & Heinicke, 2008

Genus Strabomantis Peters, 1863

Incertae sedis

Genus Atopophrynus Lynch & Ruiz- Carranza, 1982
Genus Dischidodactylus Lynch, 1979
Genus Geobatrachus Ruthven, 1915
Genus Hypodactylus Hedges, Duellman & Heinicke, 2008
Genus Mucubatrachus La Marca, 2007
Genus Niceforonia Goin & Cochran, 1963
Genus Paramophrynella La Marca, 2007

The genera Mucubatrachus and Paramophrynella are not recognized in some systematic reviews and treated as synonyms of Pristimantis.

Bryophryne nubilosus

Craugastor fitzingeri

Psychrophrynella sp.

Pristimantis achatinus

Pristimantis boulengeri

Pristimantis danae

Pristimantis gaigeae

Pristimantis lymani

Pristimantis paisa

Pristimantis palmeri

Pristimantis parectatus

Pristimantis permixtus

Pristimantis prolixodiscus

Strabomantis biporcatus

Craugastoridae

Features

Dissemination

Taxonomy

Further Reading