Crew

A ship's crew (including crew) is the totality of all sailors on a boat or ship. The crew includes the captain, his nautical officers, technical officers, and - depending on the vehicle - other employees such as deck, engine and service personnel.

The term is mainly used in commercial shipping, but is also used in aerospace applications.

Regulations

The scope and qualification of the crew depends on rules according to the route and area of ​​application. Here are some roles are explicitly defined, while other positions are only counted for the crew, but find no mention in the official versions. Thus the German manning rules ( SchBesV ) directed from 1998 acc. § 1 of all German merchant vessels that are entitled to the federal flag to lead. Still ship mechanic and wachbefähigte sailors mentioned - there are next to the captain and his officers - depending on the size of the ship. Specific professions such as radio operators, ship's doctor, sailor, machinists, electricians, cooks and stewards may be on board, but are not regulated there. For other types of operation have legal country-specific crew requirements, as an example of the master and officers of commercial boat or the operation of traditional ships. The different occupation regulations are often dependent on the ship's length, the route and daily driving time. In principle, the crew must be composed so that the ship can be performed safely.

Examples of crews from different periods

Over the centuries various demands were made ​​on the ships' crews. So it was considerably more complex in galleys or age of sail safely guide a ship and to take all steps necessary for the movement, as it is necessary for today's highly automated and mechanized shipping. In addition, at that time took a trip much longer, and could last for several months or even years, while today the same route can be traveled by the wind independent machine drive in several days or weeks.

Against this background, crews and ships have been equipped from that time with another human quantity structure, which had also perceive complex tasks in their functions. To comply with the board discipline, long-term storage of teams, repair and maintenance of the ship with onboard tools during the trip were a different role than is the case today.

In order to give an outline of ships' crews of different eras and an insight into the capabilities, some crews are listed below from these times.

Composition of the crew of a sailing warship from 1690

The functional composition of the crew of the Hamburg sailing warship ( " convoyer " ) from 1690 has been handed down as follows:

Composition of the crew of a sailing warship from 1805

The functional composition of the crew of a French ship of the line from 1805 has been handed down as follows:

• Maître d' équipage (fr)
• Maître de maneuver (fr)

Typical composition of the crew of a conventional container ship for the 21st century

Rank name

Comments

Swell

• Remi Monaque, Trafalgar, Édition " Le grand livre de mois ", Paris 2005, ISBN 2-286-01869-3
• Kurt Grobecker: Hamburg's proud frigates against the corsairs - ship convoy ( f) AHRT in the 17th century, media -Verlag Schubert, Hamburg, 2007, ISBN 978-3-937843-12-4
• Prof. Dr. Jörgen Bracker: Hamburg Portrait 1 /76 Wapen from Hamburg ( III) ... a floating baroque palace; Museum of Hamburg History, Ding word Verlag Hamburg -Altona, 1976.
• Prof. Dr. Jörgen Bracker: Friend of God - the world enemy / From piracy and convoy driving / Störtebeker and the consequences Zertani Printing and Publishing, Bremen, 2001, ISBN 3-9805772-5-2
• Wolfgang Quinger: "Wappen von Hamburg " I. A convoy ship of the 17th century. Delius Klasing Vlg GmbH (1980 ), Hamburg, ISBN 3768803295, ISBN 978-3768803298
• Pierer 's Universal -Lexikon, Altenburg, 1862