Cugerni
The Cugerni or Cuberner were a Germanic tribe, they formed the group with other tribes of the smaller Germanic tribes of the Rhine -Weser Germanic tribes. The tribe's name is a new formation after resettlement of groups right of the Rhine Germans by the Romans under Tiberius in the year 8 BC in the left bank area of the Lower Rhine in the present district of Kleve.
History
The Cugerni inhabited areas west of the Rhine and seem to have emerged in the great mass of the tribe of the Sicambri. In 8 BC moved Tiberius ( Suetonius, Tib. 9.2 ) 40,000 Germans in the former Celtic- Germanic populated areas north of the Eifel forced to. This area was between the residents of the Northwest Batavians and settled in the south Romanized Ubii. The core area was in and around the present-day district of Kleve and the town of Xanten. Probably also included small parts of the Suevi and the Bructeri to the resident Germans and the merger with there siedelnder Lower Rhine Vorbevölkerung ( Menapii, Sunuker ), the new tribal confederation began to emerge. The male members of the Cugerni rendered after the inscription findings and ancient Rome historiograhpischer reports primarily for military service ( " cohors I Cugernorum " CIL 7, 1193 2nd century ) and in significantly greater extent than the Ubii. Next to Xanten was on their territory the Roman legionary camp Vetera. As capital of the tribe of Colonia Ulpia Traiana an ancestor is assumed.
In German revolt of Civilis the Cugerni stood on its side. After that came with them a Rome inclined towards attitude on what led to the merger of Cugerni with Roman culture and a " rapid " Romanization after generations entirely carried, so the name disappeared in the 2nd century.
Name
The name " Cugerni " is first documented in Tacitus ( Hist. 5,16,18 ) as Cugerni, ( Hist. nat. 4,106 ) Pliny the variant appears Cuberner as Cuberni.
Epigraphs as CIL 3, 2712 "M ( arcus ) Elvadius Mac
Rudolf Much etymologisierte the ethnonyms on the basis of the reconstructed Germanic * ku - gernaz as a cow - coveting in the sense of " cow thief ( s)" or considered " sodomy cows impulsive ", and * ku - Bernaz as " Kuhknecht " or " Kuhsohn ". Muchs solutions was first recognized in the research, and with him, referred to as a mocking name or designation by foreign rechtsrheinische Germanic neighbors ( Tencteri ). Günter Neumann considers these interpretations for semantically less plausible and points to Hermann Hirt's criticism of Much. Neumann sees the name only probable phonetic variants, and directs others to interpretations by Karl Müllenhoff and Leo Weisgerber. Müllenhoff Indicated on the basis of comparison with gothic - qiwa "alive" for a common phonetic form * Cuverni. Weisgerber assumes an ancient Celtic and Germanic labiovelar that shows up in the Cugerni the Germanic and Celtic Cuberni the variant is. For individual elements of the name more interpretive approaches for the prefix Cu ( g) The comparison of the Germanic strong masculine * hugi, * huguz for " mind, spirit, mind ", the - rn with other Germanic tribal names such as the Batave - rn.
Culture and Religion
With the Cugernern the cult of the Germanic goddess Vagdavercustis is associated. Three dedicated to her Votivsteine were found in the settlement area of Cugerni. Probably worshiped the Cugerni with other Lower Rhine tribes Hercules Magusanus as analogous to Vagdavercustis in cugernischen victory Lung space dedications of God were found.