Cyanea (plant)

Cyanea hardyi

Cyanea is a plant genus of the subfamily of lobelia plants ( Lobelioideae ) within the family of the bellflower family ( Campanulaceae ). The approximately 79 species are native only to Hawaii. Their habitat are dense semi-dry or moist forests.

Description

The genus Cyanea is morphologically diverse. Some species, such as Cyanea stichtophylla grow as shrubs, while other species, such as Cyanea leptostegia, trees that reach a height of up to 13 meters. They rarely grow as lianas or epiphytes.

The young plants Cyanea form of spike- like structures on the stem and the leaves, which they lose when they are fully grown. The purpose of these spines long remained enigmatic. Today is suspected that they have been developed as a defense mechanism against the Moa Nalos, large Hawaiian ducks birds that became extinct before the arrival of Europeans.

The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and fünfzählig double perianth. The corolla is two - or single lip. The berries are ripe in yellow, orange or purple.

The chromosome number is 2n = 28

Endangering

Cyanea is one of the most affected by extinction and endangerment plant genera of the Hawaiian Islands. The IUCN lists ten species and one subspecies to be extinct. 32 more taxa are considered threatened or endangered with extinction.

Reasons for the rarity of vegetation destruction by fire and overgrazing and displacement by invasive plant species are.

System

The genus Cyanea in 1829 by Charles Gaudichaud - Beaupré, Voyage autour du Monde, entrepris par ordre du Roi, ... EXECUTE sur les Corvettes de SM l ' ~ ~ Uranie et la ~ ~ Physicienne ... Botanique, pp. 457 placed. Type species is Cyanea grimesiana Gaudich ..

Based on phylogenetic studies based on molecular data, Thomas G. Lammers divided the genus Rollandia Gaudich. in the genus Cyanea, which thereby becomes monophyletic. Another synonym for Cyanea Gaudich. is Kittelia Rchb ..

Genus Cyanea belongs to the subfamily within the family Campanulaceae Lobelioideae.

There are about 78 Cyanea species are known:

  • Cyanea aculeatiflora rock
  • Cyanea acuminata ( Gaudich. ) Hillebr.
  • Cyanea angustifolia ( Cham. ) Hillebr.
  • Cyanea arborea Hillebr.
  • Cyanea asarifolia St.John
  • Cyanea asplenifolia ( H. Mann ) Hillebr.
  • Cyanea calycina Lammers
  • Cyanea comata Hillebr.
  • Cyanea copelandii rock
  • Cyanea coriacea ( A. Gray ) Hillebr.
  • Cyanea crispa Gaudich.
  • Cyanea cylindrocalyx (skirt) Lammers
  • Cyanea degeneriana F.Wimmer
  • Cyanea Dolichopoda Lammers & Lorence
  • Cyanea dunbarii rock
  • Cyanea eleeleensis ( St.John ) Lammers
  • Cyanea elliptica (skirt) Lammers
  • Cyanea fauriei H.Lév
  • Cyanea fissa ( H.Mann ) Hillebr.
  • Cyanea floribunda E.Wimm.
  • Cyanea gibsonii Hillebr.
  • Cyanea giffardii rock
  • Cyanea glabra ( F.Wimmer ) St. John
  • Cyanea grimesiana Gaudich.
  • Cyanea habenata ( St.John ) Lammers
  • Cyanea hamatiflora rock
  • Cyanea hardyi rock
  • Cyanea hirtella ( H.Mann ) Hillebr.
  • Cyanea horrida (skirt) Degener & Hosaka
  • Cyanea humboldtiana Gaudich.
  • Cyanea kahiliensis ( St.John ) Lammers
  • Cyanea kauaulaensis H.Oppenh. & Lorence
  • Cyanea kolekoleensis ( St.John ) Lammers
  • Cyanea koolauensis Lammers Givnish & Sytsma
  • Cyanea kuhihewa Lammers
  • Cyanea kunthiana Hillebr.
  • Cyanea lanceolata Gaud.
  • Cyanea leptostegia A.Gray
  • Cyanea linearifolia rock
  • Cyanea lobata H.Mann
  • Cyanea longissima (skirt) St.John
  • Cyanea longiflora Wawra
  • Cyanea macrostegia Hillebr.
  • Cyanea magnicalyx Lammers
  • Cyanea mannii ( Brigham ) Hillebr.
  • Cyanea maritae Lammers & H.Oppenh.
  • Cyanea marksii rock
  • Cyanea mauiensis (skirt) Lammers
  • Cyanea mceldowneyi rock
  • Cyanea membranacea rock
  • Cyanea minutiflora Lammers
  • Cyanea munroi ( Hosaka ) Lammers
  • Cyanea obtusa ( A. Gray ) Hillebr.
  • Cyanea parvifolia C.N.Forbes
  • Cyanea pilosa A.Gray
  • Cyanea pinnatifida ( Cham. )
  • Cyanea platyphylla ( A. Gray ) Hillebr.
  • Cyanea Pohaku Lammers
  • Cyanea procera Hillebr.
  • Cyanea profuga C.N.Forbes
  • Cyanea pseudofauriei Lammers
  • Cyanea purpurellifolia rock
  • Cyanea pycnocarpa ( Hillebr. ) F.Wimmer
  • Cyanea quercifolia ( Hillebr. ) F.Wimmer
  • Cyanea recta ( Wawra ) Hillebr.
  • Cyanea remyi rock
  • Cyanea rivularis rock
  • Cyanea salicina H.Lév.
  • Cyanea scabra Hillebr.
  • Cyanea sessilifolia ( O.Deg. ) Lammers
  • Cyanea shipmanii rock
  • Cyanea solenacea Hillebr.
  • Cyanea solenocalyx Hillebr.
  • Cyanea spathulata ( Hillebr. ) A.Heller
  • Cyanea st.- johnii Hosaka
  • Cyanea stictophylla rock
  • Cyanea superba ( Cham. ) A. Gray
  • Cyanea tritomantha A.Gray
  • Cyanea truncata rock
  • Cyanea undulata C.N.Forbes
Asterids Berry Phylogenetics Agricultural Research Service
210764
de