Cystoderma amianthinum
Amianthus granules Schirmling ( Cystoderma amianthinum )
The amianthus granules Schirmling ( Cystoderma amianthinum ) is a mushroom of the family of mushroom relatives ( Agaricaceae ). It is a small, umbrella- ling -like fungus with an ocher- yellow to brown, fine-grained hat. The fruiting body usually appear from August to November, preferably in coniferous forests. The fungus is due to its dull earthy smell as inedible.
- 7.1 Notes and references
Features
Macroscopic characteristics
The hat of the amianthus granules blank screen is 2-4 cm wide. At first he is conical, then convex and finally spread out flat and dull hunched. The hat surface is flaky or fine to coarse -grained, at the age often radialrunzelig to wrinkled. When formatting rugosoreticulata the hat is also heavily wrinkled, but he can also verkahlen in appropriate weather throughout. The cap is colored pale yellow to ocher- yellow or yellow-orange. The edge is sharp and in young fruit bodies often hung with Velumresten.
The lamellae are grown wide or emarginate at the stem and can run down with a tooth in it. They are hardly crowded and are initially white and later cream to pale ocher yellow colored. The spore powder is cream colored.
The cylindrical stem is 4-6 cm long and 0.2-0.6 cm wide. He is slender, hollow and similar to the hat colored ocher and wearing an ascending, flaky and often indistinct ring. From the base he is orange and brownish grobschuppig to granular to the ring above the ring he is cream-colored and brownish in old age.
The flesh is thin and pale yellowish, in the stem bark more orange-yellow. It often smells unpleasant earthy and mild taste.
Microscopic characteristics
The elliptical spores are 5-6.5 microns long and 3-3.5 (-4) microns wide and are on stalks ( apiculus ) not dented. You are amyloid, that is, they can be stained with iodine solution. On the disk and disk cutting no cystidia occur and on the hat do not Athrosporen. The Huthautelemente discolor stainless brownish in KOH. The Huthauthyphen are more or less inflated or nearly round and are often linked together like a chain.
Artabgrenzung
There are a number of very similar shade granules Lingen, which can be determined with certainty only with the aid of a microscope, usually.
- Very similar is the Langsporige or rust Yellow granule Schirmling ( Cystoderma jasonis, syn. Longisporum C., C. amianthinum var longisporum ), which has long been held only for one variety. It is much rarer and has 6-9 microns long spores on apiculus have a slight dip and look like apple seeds. On the more reddish rust colored hat is usually found Athrosporen.
- The very rare Häutigberingte or Deceptive grains Schirmling ( Cystoderma fallax ) has a membranous ringed stem. His hat skin greenish discoloration with KOH, while the color turns reddish rust when amianthus granules Schirmling.
- The Russet-red granules Schirmling ( Cystodermella granulosa, syn. Cystoderma granulosum ) and the vermilion or cinnabar brown granules Schirmling are usually much larger and have both inamyloide spores. Therefore, they are now placed in its own genus Cystodermella. The two differ from each other by the fact that the rust red grain Schirmling has no pleurocystidia while one can find striking Zystiden at Vermillion grains Schirmling in all parts of the fruit body.
Ecology
The granules Schirmling saprobiontisch lives, that is, it breaks down dead organic material. It is found mainly in coniferous forests, especially in spruce forests and soil aueren spruce - fir forests. But it also occurs in pine forests and bog forests. In deciduous forests, it is found mainly in beech forest communities ( in woodruff -beech, Luzulo - beech and beech forests hair barley ) and hornbeam - oak forests. Even outside of the forest he can be sometimes on semi-arid grassland, juniper heath or found in parks.
In almost all cases, the species grows in the needle litter of Norway spruce, rarely it can be found under pine or silver fir or under deciduous trees such as beech and birch. The fungus likes acidic soils, but also occurs on basic and neutral soils. He prefers nutrient - and nitrogen- poor soils, which can be both sandy and loamy. In addition to brown soils particularly peat soils are colonized, but also Rendzinen and Ranker.
The fruiting bodies appear solitary or gregarious and usually very late in the year. From late August until well into November you will find the fruiting body most often. In some years, they may also still be in December. The fungus comes from the plains extended far into the higher mountain country, where he prefers the mountains.
Dissemination
The fungus is distributed almost worldwide. It comes from South America ( southern Argentina ) prior to Canada and Greenland. Also in North Africa (Algeria, Morocco), Asia ( from Georgia to Japan and China) and Europe, he is disseminated. In Europe it is found from Greece to Iceland and from Spain to the Ukraine and Belarus. In Germany and Austria it is disseminated with no discernible gaps and is one of the most common types of fungi.
System
The following forms and varieties of grains amianthus screen Lings have been described.
Importance
The amianthus granules Schirmling is usually referred to with reference to the dull, earthy smell as inedible, but the fungus does not appear to be toxic, which is why, although some authors refer to it as edible inferior.