Demographics of Turkey
Since the founding of the Republic of Turkey on 29 October 1923, the population grew rapidly. 1927 lived in Turkey nearly 13.7 million people, in 2003 there were just under 70 million. At 31 December 2011 74,724,269 people lived in the country.
Turkey is also an immigration and emigration country. From the Balkans, the Middle East, Greece, the Caucasus, Iran, Central Asia, Crimea etc. emigrants and immigrants arrived after the fall of the Iron Curtain in the Republic. On the other hand emigrated many members of minorities and millions of real Turks.
Census
Since the founding of the Republic, a census was carried out at intervals of five years. Since 1990, this only every ten years is carried out on a day in October and it detects other demographic, social and economic data on the population.
Turkey has a relatively young population. The average age of the Turkish population is about 29.2 years (as of 2011 ). The age structure is (2011) as follows: 25.6% of the citizens are between 0 and 14 years old, 67.2 % between 15 and 64 years and only 7.2 % are over 65 years old. In 1999, an average of one doctor for every 859 inhabitants. The life expectancy is 72.62 years in Turkey, for men 70.18 years and 75.18 years for women. When standard of living that is represented by the Human Development Index, Turkey is in the middle at number 92 out of a total of 187 listed countries (as of 2011).
Facts
Population: 73,722,988 (2011)
Age structure:
0-14 years old: 25.6%
15-64 years old: 67.2 %
65 years and over: 7.2 %
Population growth rate: 1.35% (2011)
Birth rate: 16.15 Geburten/1.000 People (2008)
Death rate: 6.02 Sterbefälle/1.000 People (2008)
Sex ratios:
At birth: 1.05:1 (male: female)
Under 15 years old: 1.04:1
15-64 years old: 1.03:1
65 years of age and older: 0,84:1
Total population: 0,9825:1 (2008)
Infant mortality rate: 36.98 Sterbefälle/1.000 live births (2008)
Life expectancy:
Total population: 73.14 years
Men: 70.67 years
Women: 75.73 years (2008)
Total fertility rate: 1.87 births / woman (2008)
Literacy rate:
Total population: (15 years ) 87.4 %
Men: 95.3 %
Women: 79.6 % ( 2008)
Religions: Islam> 99% ( Sunnis and Alevis ), Other <1% Christianity, Judaism
Languages: Turkish and other Turkic languages , Kurmanji, Zazaisch, Adyghe, Arabic, Armenian, Laz, Georgian, Modern Greek, Serbo-Croatian, Bulgarian and other languages
Ethnicities ( about 0.5 % of the population ) Turkish / Turkic, Kurds, Circassians, Albanians, Arabs, Georgians, Bosnians
Ethnicities
The exact ethnic composition of the population in Turkey is not exactly determined. In official census ethnicity is not captured. Was determined to 1965, however, native language and a second language.
Languages
Turkey's languages according to language families and numbers of speakers arranged:
- Turkic languages : Official language Turkish ( S1 -60 million / S2 67 million ), Azerbaijan - Turkish ( 0.5-2 million), Gagauz ( 14,000 ), Kazakh ( 21,000 ), Kyrgyz ( 1100 ), Krimtürkisch (2-5 million), Kumyk ( 1200 ), Tatar ( 22,000 ), Turkmen (900), Uighur (500), Uzbek ( 2,100 )
- Albanian ( 65,000 ), Armenian ( 33,000 ), Bulgarian ( 200,000 ), Domari ( 20.000 ) Greek, Modern ( 4000 ), Judeo- Spanish ( 15,000 ), Kurmandji (> 10 million), Romani (40,000), Serbo- Croatian ( 65,000 ), Zazaisch ( 1 million)
- Arabic ( < 1 million), Neuaramäisch (4,000)
- Abkhazian ( 5000 ), Abasinisch (10,000 ), Adyghe ( 70,000 ), Georgian ( 40,000 ), Laz ( 30,000 ), Kabardian ( 202.000/1993 - 550.000/2001 )
1965 census (Language)
According to the census in 1965 the population was 31,391,421. Was asked about the mother and second language.
Source: Heinz Kloss & Grant McConnell, Linguistic composition of the nations of the world, vol, 5, Europe and USSR, Québec, Presses de l' Université Laval, 1984, ISBN 2763770444
Religions
Main article: Religions in Turkey
Classification of religions in Turkey:
- Islam Sunnis Hanafi
- Shafi'i
- Alawites
- Orthodox churches Armenian Apostolic Church
- Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople Opel
The principle practiced in Turkey version of secularism writes a strict separation of religion and state in front, more precisely a strict subordination of religion to the state. Article 24 of the 1982 Constitution limited the freedom of religion to the individual. Religious communities can assert no rights under the constitution section. This attitude stems from the prevailing ideology of Kemalism in Turkish society.
The Sunni Islamic institutions are the state Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı, the Bureau of Religious Affairs, manages. It regulates the training of about 100,000 imams and muezzins, paid for and receives the mosques and are nationally the contents of held- sermons. The other religious groups manage to contrast themselves, receive less state support, but enjoy it more internal autonomy.
According to official statistics, 99.8 % of the Turkish population is Muslim. The estimates of the number of Sunnis and Alevis varies greatly. Accordingly, 65 to 85 % Sunni, and the remaining 15 to 35% Alevis. In addition, living in Turkey 0.1 % Christians ( 60,000 ) and 0.02 % Jews ( 17,000 ). However, in 1918 were still about 2.983 million Christians in the area of today's Asian country, of whom 1,479,000 Armenians and 1.5 million Greeks. 1923 100.000 Jews in Turkey were still counted.
However, the official figures are misleading because every inhabitant of Turkey, when it is not explicitly declared as belonging to another religion is automatically recognized as a Muslim. A counterpart to leaving the church does not exist, so that even atheists and agnostics are officially listed as Muslims. The number of non-religious population of Turkey is therefore not known.