Drywall

Plasterboard (GK ) is a building material made of gypsum, mostly in use as plasterboard ( GK) - also plasterboard panel ( GKB ) - with double-sided cardboard cover, in dry or Acoustics. Stability obtained by the two-sided carton, the plates which absorbs the tensile forces.

Plasterboard are often confused with " gypsum wallboard " or " plasterboard ", but these consist exclusively of stucco, are 60 to 100 mm thick and circumferentially provided with tongue and groove.

• 4.1 Substructure 4.1.1 walls
• 4.1.2 ceiling

• 5.1 additives

Use

The various properties such as light weight, simple and fast processing, high fire resistance, as well as in comparison to masonry lower surface loss through the establishment of thinner walls, gypsum board is mainly used for the production of lightweight, non-load bearing interior walls, suspended ceilings, pitched roof coverings or screeds.

Due to the small Wasser-/Feuchtebeständigkeit plasterboard should be used indoors only. With appropriate climatic conditions (high humidity ), the cardboard layer form a breeding ground for mold. Frequent condensation on the surface promotes adhesion (adhesion) of microorganisms.

Interior design and paneling

One uses plasterboard for the production of non-bearing interior walls that can be easily dismantled or modified later. You can also find application as a so-called dry plaster, plasterboard by either stuck with Ansetzbinder directly on the bare wall or mounted on a substructure.

Cladding of the plumbing, electrical wiring and other technical equipment called Verkofferungen (also ' formed plaster board bulkheads ', formerly ' Rabitzkasten " ) are used. Such panels are often found in the form of a pretext. Here the boards can be mounted on a conventional support structure (see below). For fixing of tiles are two layers of plasterboard ( optionally impregnated ) and a special primer to use. The incorporation of maintenance openings for the installation lines is recommended.

Special Use

For wet areas, there are plates with the designation YC -H, always colored green to distinguish; In addition, for fire protection GK -F fire retardant panels.

Soundproofing

A drawback of drywall over brick walls is their lower stability. Adjacent components, such as the wooden construction of a high bed can be forwarded to the plasterboard sounds that are amplified by the resonance effect of the flexible plates. For this reason it is generally recommended to decouple connections to other components by thin acoustic foam, felt or mineral wool strips.

Protection from airborne sound in plasterboard walls achieved by the principle of the flexurally soft shells. For this purpose, it is necessary that a continuous outer surface ( shell ) of the component not at all with the second shell, or at least is not rigidly connected. With a wall, this is for example achieved by a double frame construction. A suspended ceiling can be attached to the supporting ceiling by Federabhänger. The sound insulation is improved by a layer of a particular mineral or fiber board, which dampens the flow of air in the cavity and so that the transmission of sound. Wall openings such as power sockets, light switches, etc. reduce the sound insulation. Find plasterboard in perforated or slotted form, including use as acoustic ceilings for room soundproofing. The blankets are provided for this purpose, with a circulation of absorbent material such as woven materials like acoustic nonwovens, polyester fleeces or mineral wool.

Fire protection

Gypsum contains chemically bound water which can evaporate over high heat and thereby cool the adjacent components for a limited time.

A layer of GKB ( Gipskartonbauplatte ) usually reaches no defined fire resistance. With special plasterboard fire protection boards as a system ( according to manufacturer's specifications and standards listed below ) in conjunction with other layers can, however, fire resistance classes of F90 can be achieved without difficulty. Also underlying fire- sensitive components, such as steel structures can be protected against the effects of fire.

The previous GKF boards ( plasterboard fire protection boards, or GKFI for impregnated disks) are as type F ( with improved core cohesion of the core at high temperatures) or Type D denotes according to the new DIN EN 520 ( with a defined density).

In the fire safety standard DIN 4102-4 the maximum fixing distances are set at fire protection requirements. The maximum distances are screws, for example 25 cm to 17 cm and the wall to the ceiling.

Radiation Protection

Play a special role, a lead -clad plates. The lamination provides protection against radiation and is used primarily in the medical field.

History

The gypsum board was pending in the U.S. in 1894 by Augustine Sackett patent, however, industrially manufactured until 1910. As a synonym for plasterboard plasterboard plate is the name used in German-speaking countries often since the first plasterboard on the European continent since 1938 in Riga ( " Riga gypsum" ) were prepared. In the sheetrock derived from it is a product and manufacturer name that has now become a generalized trademark. The RIGIPS plate 1949 was a completely new for the German construction product for interior design. It was made at the beginning of the United material plants soil Werder GmbH (now: Saint- Gobain plasterboard GmbH).

Manufacturer

• Saint- Gobain plasterboard
• Lafarge
• Knauf Gips
• Danogips
• Gypsys, NL
• Vogl Ceiling Systems

Processing

If the cardboard layer cut with a craft knife, the plate can be easily broken by a (possibly sharp ) edge to the rear. The second layer of cardboard is then also cut.

Plasterboard can be screwed to a substructure made ​​of wood or zinc coated steel sections. The joints and the screws are plastered with putty to a smooth surface. For the prevention of cracking can be embedded in the joint, or non-woven fiberglass mesh tapes for reinforcement. After two to three times the Filling Make all joints are sanded with sandpaper or special abrasive grids, to remove any and Grind off putty irregularities.

Connections to adjoining components are often sealed with permanently elastic joint compound made ​​of acrylic, in damp areas with silicone. In particular, the acrylic joints tend to aging and later uncontrolled rupture. It is better to stick to the adjacent part a parting strip ( foam film ), cut off the excess separation strips and then zuzuspachteln is. After the grout can be applied. At corners aluminum corner profiles are eingespachtelt to protect against damage.

Finally, the mostly gray panels as desired with paint or painted over with a primer prepared for further processing. Specifically, prior to the application of wallpaper should be primed you, since you otherwise the wallpaper can not be separated from the cardboard coating at a subsequent renovation.

Two-layer screed plates are mostly laid on a leveling compound, glued to the staggered joints and then bolted.

Substructure

Today, metal profiles are mostly used as a substructure, as these against the wood previously used by humidity no deformation occurs. Sequelae such as tension cracks in the jointing of plasterboard and fire acceleration can be avoided. This is especially true for wet areas or other areas with more fluctuating humidity such as bathrooms, laundry room, kitchen, garage or building entrances. Once the large temperature or humidity variations are expected to be preferred to the more expensive metal profiles, rough sawn wood ( which, however, according to the most current standards and processing instructions of the manufacturer is not permitted). Means Ansetzgips binder can also be placed directly on the prepared masonry drywall.

A metal substructure profiles is perpendicular from C-shaped and horizontally on top and back of the U-shaped galvanized steel sheet profiles in widths of 50, 75, 100 ( 125 and 150 mm rare ). For doorways special profiles with increased material thickness, so-called U- stiffening are 2.0 mm to use, which use connected via mounting angle of the same material thickness positively to the so-called bare floor and the subfloor, alternatively timbers can be found in the C- profiles. Meanwhile, new I-shaped wood profiles are composed of partially crosswise glued layers of wood dried and defuse the deformation problem. From 50 - mm -GK- stud frame and double -sided cladding with 12.5 - mm plates results in a wall thickness of 100 mm, at a simple planking of 75 mm thickness. At twice the vertical paneling boards with a width of 125 cm are added to 62.5 cm, the cross- joints are mutually to put at least 40 cm. The first layer may not necessarily be smoothed (only for fire protection and noise control requirements prescribed ). For sound absorption, a so-called port seal prior to fastening of the profiles to the building structure usually bonded foam with about 3.0 mm thickness on the U and the first and the last C-section ( that is, the profiles, which are attached to adjacent components).

Blankets

For suspended ceilings so-called hangers are common, which are attached to the ceiling galvanized steel sheet profiles, these are, however, so-called CD profiles and UD profiles in 28mm. Edge profiles (U - profiles ) provide connection to the walls. For loaded on train hangers metal anchors are generally used because plastic plugs melt in a fire ( the attachment of the hangers using so-called plastic anchor is normative in most European countries are not allowed and there is currently no manufacturers of plastic plugs recommended for the installation of hangers and has released - keyword plasticizer loss / brittle ) and the ceiling can thus bring down. The edge profiles have no supporting effect, therefore, may even at fire protection ceilings with plastic anchors (Attention, here's to hold necessarily with the system provider consultation, since such a blanket must be built exactly according to the available test certificates! ) Be fixed. However, it is essential to make sure that the first CD profile max. 100 mm is mounted on the wall.

In addition to a suspension by means of metal profiles a little more complicated to be created and heavier suspension from sägerauem wood is also possible.

Special feature of the loft conversion

With a loft conversion plasterboard below 20 mm thickness can not be mounted from the bottom directly to the wooden rafters. Before mounting a substructure made ​​of wood or plasterboard profiles to compensate and protect must be mounted before cracking. It is important in this type of installation not to damage the vapor barrier.

Material

Commonly used in the manufacture either natural gypsum obtained in mining or FGD gypsum used. This also explains the regional focus of the manufacturing plants in places where natural gypsum deposits are found or since German reunification in the immediate vicinity of lignite power plants, in which the FGD gypsum as a waste product. Basically, both materials are to be regarded as equivalent. In practice, however, has shown that sheets of FGD gypsum have very low weight advantages. Natural plasters are far more suitable for the production of custom-made, in which the plates have to be bent, as they have a higher breaking strength. This is due to the arrangement of the individual gypsum crystals, which is chaotic in nature than with gypsum FGD gypsum.

For screwing drywall screws (SBS coarse for wood substructures, fine for metal -UK ) are used. These screws are phosphated ( black surface coating ) in order to avoid chemical reactions with the gypsum, and the resulting stains. For the metal profiles, self-tapping screws are.

Additives

Partial fibers of plastic, glass or cellulose are mixed into the plaster, this gypsum fiber boards are characterized as by higher static load capacities and are also to be used in wet areas.

Formats

The following table describes the most common disc formats. Commercially special formats are also available upon request.

There is also the "one- man panel " with a level of 1500 x 1000 x 10 mm 2000 × 600 × 12.5 mm and 2600 × 600 × 12.5 mm. These, of course not fit on the standard grid of 62.5 cm at stud walls.

Standardize

In Germany, among others, The following standards (DIN) to consider:

• DIN 18180 Plasterboard - Types, requirements and testing (2008 edition applies in Germany )
• DIN 18181 plasterboard in buildings - Fundamentals for processing
• DIN 18182 equipment for the processing of plasterboard
• DIN 18183 mounting walls made of plasterboard - installation of metal stud walls
• DIN 18184 plasterboard panels with polystyrene or rigid polyurethane foam as insulation
• DIN EN520 replaces DIN 18180 ( in co-existence until 1 March 2007)

In Austria, among others, the following standards regulate the production, processing and planning in the field of gypsum board:

• ÖNorm B 3415 plasterboard and plasterboard systems rules for planning and processing
• ÖNorm B 2340 measures to fulfill the requirements for the air tightness of the building envelope of wood and wood prefabricated houses
• ÖNorm B 3358 Part 6 Non-load bearing interior wall systems Part 6: stud wall systems with plasterboard ( gypsum plasterboard)
• ÖNorm B 3410 plasterboard for dry lining systems ( gypsum plasterboard) types, requirements and tests
• ÖNorm B 5330 Part 10 Doors Part 10: Steel frames for stud wall systems with plasterboard
• ÖNorm EN 520 Plasterboard Definitions, requirements and test methods