Dzhugdzhur Mountains

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The Dschugdschur (Russian Джугджур, also Dschugdschur Mountains, Dshugdshur, Dzhugdzhur ) is a mountain range in the Russian Far East (Asia) along the northwest coast of the Okhotsk Sea.

Geography

The Dschugdschur extends in a slightly curved arc over 700 km along the northwest coast of the Sea of ​​Okhotsk in approximately south- easterly direction. It outweighs medium mountain like relief at altitudes between 800 and 1200 m. However, the relief of parts of the main ridge in its highest sections alpine earlier as a result of glaciation. The highest elevation is the Topko ( Топко ) with an altitude of 1906 m above sea level in the middle part of the mountain, about 85 km north- west of the village Ajan and slightly west of the main ridge (or, according to a recent map of a nameless peak 8 km southwest of the Topko with 1925 m, while the Topko itself according to this card reaches only 1889 m).

In the north of Dschugdschur borders the southeastern foothills of the Verkhoyansk Mountains. In the south, he goes over the valley of Uda in the Dschagdygebirge over, and in the southwest bordering the Stanowoigebirge.

In some sections of the mountains parallel to the main ridge extending further separated by longitudinal valleys lower combs. The most important of the coastal range ( Прибрежная цепь, Pribreschnaja zep ), which runs between the main ridge and the Sea of ​​Okhotsk coast southwest of Ajan and a height of 1416 m ( Unytschja, Унычья ) is reached.

The main ridge of the Dschugdschur represents a portion of the Continental Divide between the basin of the Arctic Ocean belonging river system in the Lena and the basin of the Okhotsk sea as During the mountains relatively shallow rises on the northwest flank, which faces the ocean, southeast side is divided steep and strong. The largest in the northwest ( about Aldan and Lena) flowing river is the Maja and its tributaries Maimakan ( Маймакан ) Batomga ( Батомга ), Northern Ui ( Северный Уй, Severny Ui), the Czech Lassin ( Челасин ) Njot ( Нёт ) Nudymi ( Нудыми ), Jadra ( Ядра ). The largest flowing to the Sea of ​​Okhotsk rivers are mostly short but rich in water Aldoma ( Алдома ) Ulkan ( Улкан ) Etandscha ( Этанджа ) Untschi ( Унчи ) and Ulya ( Улья ) (each on the order of estuary from south to north, with the Etandscha 9 km away from the Sea of ​​Okhotsk in the Tuktschi ( Тукчи ) opens ).

Administratively, the territory of the mountain range lies entirely in the northwestern part of the Khabarovsk region.

Geology

The Dschugschur is a tectonically young mountain range. Its south-western part is formed by uplifted spätpräkambrischen granite and gneiss, the northeastern part of folded Mesozoic shales and limestone, which are covered by huge lava and tuff layers from the Paleogene.

Climate

The climate can the mountains fall into two zones. North-west of the main ridge, the climate is strictly continental with winter temperatures from -40 to -45 ° C and short hot summers and low rainfall throughout the year. In the southeastern coastal zone of the main ridge there feuchkaltes monsoon climate with cold winters (-16 to -20 ° C ) and cool, rainy summers. The number of sunshine hours is low in this case, storms, however, frequently.

Vegetation

On the coastal side predominates in the near-shore areas, the dwarf pine ( Pinus pumila ). Next follows to about 1300 m mountain taiga with dominant Ajan spruce (Picea ajanensis ), on the northwest side Dahurischer larch (Larix dahurica ). The ridge area is dominated by dwarf - pine - mountain pine, and mountain tundra.

Conservation

In the area of ​​Dschugdschur in 1990 placed under protection Dschugdschur Nature Reserve ( Джугджурский заповедник ) is with an area of ​​859 956 ha, which, inter alia, the preservation hitherto undisturbed mountain taiga landscapes and their flora and fauna will.

Population

The area of ​​Dschugdschur is colonized extremely thin. So the Ajan - Maja - Rajon ( Аяно - Майский район, named after the place Ajan and the river Maja ) into the lies of the largest, central part of the mountain, on a Fläcke 167,000 square kilometers ( almost half the size of Germany ) just over 3000 inhabitants, corresponding to 0.02 inhabitants / km ². There are only four on the coast and in the river valleys west of the mountains by villages ( the Rajonzentrum Ajan and Aim, Dschigda and Nelkan ), while there are no settlements in the actual mountains. About 40 % of the population are members of the indigenous peoples of the Russian North, especially the Evenki, which is a high value for the north of Russia.