Emily Brontë

Life

Emily Brontë was the younger sister of Charlotte Brontë. 1820 the family moved Brontë by Haworth, West Yorkshire, after Emily's father Patrick Brontë had been offered the local pastorate. The family environment favored the development of the literary talent of Emily.

Even as children created the four siblings Charlotte, Branwell, Emily and Anne, the fictional countries Angria, Gondal and Gaaldine which they described in short stories. From Emily's work from this period is except for a few poems (The Brontë 's Web of Childhood, Fannie Ratchford, 1941) received nothing. Your lyrical work, often referred to the dream realm Gondal, sat Emily Brontë continued until her death.

Emily Brontë went with her sister Charlotte boarding schools Cowan Bridge and Roe Head. 1838 Emily Brontë worked as a teacher at the boarding Law Hill. 1842 she went with her sister Charlotte to Brussels to study in the school of Madame Heger. Emily returned several months before Charlotte to Haworth, where they henceforth took care of the family household and the family's finances. In addition to the letter, which was initially a hobby for the siblings, Emily loved the study of animals, hiking and nature viewing, which were unusual interests for a woman in the early Victorian period. Since the stay in Brussels Emily spoke fluent French, she also mastered Latin and Greek, as can be seen in the obtained translation work.

1846 published the three sisters Emily, Anne and Charlotte of poems Poems under the male pseudonym Ellis, Acton and Currer Bell. The pseudonyms can be assigned to the first letter of the first name. The quality of the poems of " Ellis " (Emily ) was highlighted most clearly by the contemporary criticism of those of the two co-authors; a judgment that still exists today and was also represented by Emily's sisters.

1847 Emily Brontë published her only novel Wuthering Heights, which is considered a classic of English literature today. Also, the novel was published under the pseudonym Ellis Bell, it was published in one volume with the novel Agnes Grey her sister Anne. The writer insisted life on discretion about their identity and put her pseudonym never expire.

Emily is described by witnesses as extremely reserved, stubborn and gruff personality who lived a very reclusive and any friends castle, although she could be attractive, despite their difficult Umgangsart, including through its astute intelligence. Later interpreters of their lives often find points of contact between Emily and the protagonist of her novel Wuthering Heights Heathcliff. Like Heathcliff Emily was able to assert their will in their family often, even to their very self- conscious sister Charlotte, and shock the household members with unconventional behavior.

Emily Brontë died in 1848 probably due to tuberculosis or pneumonia. The latter is considered today to be more likely due to the symptoms described by Charlotte in letters; Charlotte also writes concretely in a letter to her friend Ellen Nussey, that Emily was suffering from pneumonia. Become legendary Emily's persistent refusal to accept medical help, and her desire to " nature take its course " She refused until the day of her death, lying in bed, and tried to lead their daily lives as usual. Charlotte describes Emily's death in letters as a " terrible spectacle."

Charlotte turned in an essay ( Biographical Notice of Ellis and Acton Bell) to the new edition of the novel in 1850, her younger sister as a naive child of nature is that really did not know what it was doing when it wrote the novel and a character like Heathcliff invented. Charlotte thus created a legend about her sister, who was frequently rumored in a row: In many biographies Emily is therefore shown as " quixotic parson's daughter from the country ", but this is a not the then social relations appropriate rating of Emily's life. In fact, they had more outside the home life experiences collected ( teaching at a school abroad unaccompanied of the father) than most women in the early Victorian middle class, either directly from the parental home were usually in a marriage or kinship environment never left.

Wuthering Heights

The book tells of the tragic love between symbiotic Catherine, daughter of the landowner Mr. Earnshaw, and the enigmatic foundling Heathcliff. This relationship drives Catherine to madness and death. But even after her death, Heathcliff appears the ghost of Catherine; Heathcliff has to share at the end of their fate. On one hand, the ideal of romantic love is shown, although ultimately victorious, even after the death of the two protagonists. On the other hand, the reader is shown the downside of love, which destroyed several lives and other draws affected.

The book first appeared in 1847 as a three -volume edition, the third part of the novel Agnes Grey by Emily's sister Anne was. In contrast to the reception of the poetry book and the debut of her sister Jane Eyre Charlotte Brontë's novel Emily was judged less favorably by critics; too obvious was developed in the book rejection of conventional morality. However, the plant reached about 500 copies sold of the first edition for that time very good sales figures, which explains, for a debut novel quite numerous reviews that appeared soon after its release.

When it became known that behind the Brontë pseudonyms three young women hid, caught the unbridled ferocity of some characters and unusual brutality of the plot even more attention and not helped to improve Emily Brontë's reputation. Irritating effect on former readers that for the first time in the Victorian literature shown as malignant character was the hero of a novel with the protagonist Heathcliff. Later generations, however, recognized especially in these criticisms the strength and progressiveness of the work.

These is also the seemingly modern narrative technique: The tragedy between Cathy and Heathcliff is not told from an omniscient narrator, but from two very different observers from the first-person perspective. Even at this level, so results in a one-sided moral relativism interpretations of the apparent uncertainty of the presented characters notwithstanding.

Works

• Poems, 1846 (collectively, Anne and Charlotte Brontë )
• Wuthering Heights, the novel 1847 (English Wuthering Heights, 1851)
• Gondal Poems, poems posthumously in 1910 ( incomplete), 1938 ( complete), (German poems, 1987)

Afterlife

• André Téchiné's film In The Brontë sisters (Les Sœurs Brontë, 1979) Isabelle Adjani plays the role of Emily.
• In the Wuthering Heights film adaptation of 1992 ( German: Wuthering Heights ) by Peter Kosminsky, the singer Sinead O'Connor Emily Brontë, who acts as narrator plays.
• The Romanian philosopher Emil Cioran committed in his ( published posthumously ) private " Cahiers " records as Haworth pilgrims and passionate Emily Brontë admirers ( Cahiers 1957-1972, Suhrkamp 2001, there inscription of the year 1962).
• In the novel Changing Heaven ( dt: The balloonist ) by Jane Urquhart meets a young woman's mind Emily Brontë.
• In the detective novel, The Case of the Missing Bronte (German: Emily's Heritage ) by Robert Barnard, a detective looking for the lost manuscript of Emily Brontë 's second novel.
• The Crimes of Charlotte Bronte (English: The Crimes of Charlotte Brontë and the Mystery of Haworth. ) The novel by James Tully tells the story of the fictional murder of Emily, in which Charlotte was privy to.
• The writer Emily Brontë and her fictional character Heathcliff serve Elfriede Jelinek as templates for the characters Dr. Heidkliff and the vampire Emily in her play illness or Modern Women (1987).