Erigeron acer

Sharp fleabane ( Erigeron acris )

The Sharp fleabane or True fleabane ( Erigeron acris ) is a flowering plant in the sunflower family ( Asteraceae). It occurs in North America, Eurasia and North Africa.

• 6.1 Notes and references

Description

This species is morphologically very variable and the many subspecies differ particularly in the hair ( Indument, trichomes ) of its plant parts.

Appearance and leaf

The Sharp fleabane is an overwintering green, biannual to perennial herbaceous plant, plant height usually 5 to 70, rarely reaches up to 100 cm. It is a taproot or a lignifying rhizome formed as Überdauerungsorgan. On each copy to a few erect, rarely ascending stems are formed, which are branched in the upper part and often can be purple crowded. The stems can be short striegelborstig, more or less rough until stiff hairs or sometimes verkahlen depending on the subspecies and are sometimes short - stalked glandular hairs below the flower heads.

The alternate arranged leaves may be relatively thin and sparse to more or less densely hairy striegelborstig - villous or glabrous to bare depending on the subspecies. The leaf edges may be cut or removed entirely and ciliated striegelborstig or ragged depending on the subspecies. The lower leaves have at a length of 1.5 to 13 cm and a width of 0.3 to 1.8 cm reversed - lanceolate or oblong leaf blade, which narrows into a long petiole and a blunt to pointed top end and three indistinct veins has; they can not or can no longer be present during the flowering period. The middle and upper leaves are sessile and their leaf blade is at a length of 0.3 to 8.5 cm and a width of 0.1 to 1 cm lanceolate to oblong with nearly stängelumfassendem Spreitengrund and obtuse to acute or curved top.

Inflorescence, flower and fruit

The flowering period extends in China and central Europe from June to September. In the panicle or sometimes umbrella-shaped inflorescence overall the side branches are sometimes again little branched. The side branches carry 5 to 25 ( sometimes more) small, basket- shaped part inflorescences. The flower heads have a length of 6 to 13 mm and a diameter of 10 to 25 mm. In the involucre numerous bracts are arranged in three rows. The green to purple bracts are lanceolate to linear - lanceolate with pointed top and trockenhäutigen edge. The base of the bracts may be more or less densely villous or sparsely striegelborstig, hairy sometimes more or less densely short - stalked glandular depending on the subspecies. The outer bracts are half as long as the inner. The inner bracts are shorter than the disc florets with a length of 5 to 7.5 mm and a width of 0.5 to 1 mm.

The flower heads contain a four - or five-row ring of ray florets (also called ray florets ) and tubular flowers (also called disc florets ). The outer two rows of ray florets have a 5-7 mm long crown, the 2.5 to 3.5 mm long corolla tube hairy sparse and its about 0.25 mm wide, rarely white tongue is usually pink to purple. In the inner two rows of female florets (called " thread flowers " ) is the crown usually only from 2.5 to 3.5 mm long, colorless corolla tube and the stylus protrudes beyond the corolla tube by 1 to 2.2 mm, sometimes a rudimentary tongue available. The tubular flowers the 3.6 to 5.4 mm is long, sparsely hairy corolla of a 1.5 to 2.9 mm long, always yellow corolla tube, a cylindrical to cylindrical- funnel-shaped throat and five 0.4 to 0.5 mm long, lanceolate corolla lobes, which are also yellow or sometimes more or less purple to dark purple.

The straw-colored achene is 1.6 to 2.5 mm long, oblong to oblong- lanceolate, more or less flattened, more or less hairy striegelborstig and has two nerves. The Pappus has one or two rows of Pappusborsten which are in the outer range from 0.2 to 0.5 mm and the inner 4 to 6 mm long.

Ecology

The Sharp fleabane is a semi- rosette plant. The thread-like tongue flowers contain nectar.

The achenes are spreading. Above their Pappus as Schirmchenflieger, especially in damp weather as Anhafter, from Fruit ripening from July to August.

Occurrence

The Sharp fleabane comes before a circumpolar in North America, Eurasia and North Africa. There are localities in Morocco, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Siberia, in Russia's Far East, in the Arctic region of Mongolia, in the Baltic republics, Ukraine ( including Crimea), in the European part of Russia, Finland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, the United Kingdom, Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Italy, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Slovenia, Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, Macedonia, Greece, France, Portugal, Spain, northwestern in the Canadian Federal States Northwest Territory, Yukon Territory, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Ontario, Quebec, Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba and Saskatchewan, in the U.S. states of Michigan, Northeastern Minnesota, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming, California and Utah known.

Throughout Germany, the Sharp fleabane is common, but not common. Only in the Alps, it is potentially at risk.

The Sharp fleabane grows best on calcareous soils. It is found on dry grassland, sandy and stony soils and rarely also on Schwemmschotterfluren or clay soils.

System

The first publication of Erigeron acris was made in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum, written there, contrary to the botanical tradition in the neuter "acre ". Erigeron acris L. Synonyms are: Trimorpha acris (L. ) Gray, Erigeron corymbosus Wallr, Erigeron crispulus Borbás, Erigeron orientalis Boiss, Erigeron shepardii post, Erigeron acris var racemosus Baumg. .. The often -to-read, compliant with the classical Latin spelling Erigeron acer is not correct because the only feminine in classical Latin " acris " is the masculine form in botanical Latin.

There are several sub-species of Erigeron acris:

• Erigeron acris L. subsp. acris, is widespread in Eurasia.
• Angular fleabane ( Erigeron acris subsp angulosus ( Gaudin ) Vacc, Syn: .. Erigeron angulosus Gaudin ) is limited in its distribution of the Alps and Carpathians.
• Erigeron acris subsp. botschantzevii Greuter, occurs in the northern Caucasus region.
• Erigeron acris subsp. brachycephalus ( H.Lindb. ) Hiitonen is located in North-East and Eastern Europe.
• Erigeron acris subsp. droebachiensis ( OFMüll. ) Arcang. , Erigeron acris subsp Syn. macrophyllus ( Herbich ) Good man, is one of East to Central Europe occurring clan.
• Erigeron acris subsp. kamtschaticus ( DC.) H.Hara, Syn: Erigeron kamtschaticus DC:. has spread to North Asia and North America.
• Erigeron acris subsp. mesatlanticus ( Maire ) Maire, occurs only in Morocco.
• Erigeron acris subsp. podolicus (Better) Nyman: This Eastern European clan reached its western border in the Pannonian Austria.
• Shiny fleabane ( Erigeron acris subsp politus (Fr.) H.Lindb, Syn: .. Erigeron politus Fri, Erigeron elongatus Ledeb non Moench. ): Their range extends from northern and eastern Europe to China.
• Erigeron acris subsp. pycnotrichus ( Vierh. ) Grierson, comes from Eastern Europe and Anatolia prior to Iran and Afghanistan.
• Erigeron acris subsp. serotinus ( consecration ) Greuter, is a Western and Central European common clan.

Use

With very great distress, the leaves were eaten cooked.

Swell

• Yilin Chen, Luc Brouillet: Erigeron. In: Wu Zheng -yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China. Volume 20-21: Asteraceae, Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2011, ISBN 978-1-935641-07-0, pp. 646, PDF file, Erigeron acris online.
• Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi, Arno Wörz (ed. ): The ferns and flowering plants of Baden -Württemberg. Volume 6: Special section ( Spermatophyta, subclass unranked ): Valerianaceae to Asteraceae, Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart ( Hohenheim) 1996, ISBN 3-8001-3343-1.
• Dietmar Aichele, Marianne Golte - Bechtle: What flowers there? Wild growing flowering plants in Central Europe. 54th edition. Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 1991, ISBN 3-440-05615-5.
• Dietmar Aichele, Heinz -Werner Schwegler: Flowering plants of Central Europe. 2nd edition. Volume 4: Solanaceae to daisy family, Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-440-08048- X, page 320