Eucryphia

Chilean Scheinulme ( Eucryphia cordifolia ), flowers

The bill elm ( Eucryphia ) are a genus of flowering plants in the family Cunoniaceae. With only seven species, this genus has a disjoint area in the Southern Hemisphere in temperate regions of southern South America and Australia.

• 5.1 Notes and references

Description

Appearance and leaves

Eucryphia species grow as shrubs and trees. Secondary growth is based on a konventionalen Kambiumring. It is a superfiziales cork cambium present.

Most species are evergreen; the Sticky Scheinulme ( Eucryphia glutinosa) is the only exception usually green summer and lose their leaves in the fall. The oppositely arranged leaves are continually divided into petiole and leaf blade. The leathery leaf blade is easy with smooth edge, three-piece or pinnate with up to 13 leaflets. The mainly occurring on the underside of leaves stomata are paracytisch. The interpetiolaren stipules fall off early.

Flowers

The flowering period extends from late summer to autumn. The flowers appear singly in the leaf axils. The eye-catching, large and sweet-scented flowers are hermaphrodite and radial symmetry or partial ( androecium ) acyclic and usually four, rarely fürnfzählig double perianth. The four, or rarely five sepals are early transient. The four, or rarely five petals are white to off- white. It is a discus available. There are many (20 to 100) of fertile, equal stamens are provided which are arranged in a Androphor. The two-celled pollen grains have two apertures, and ( syn) COLPAT. 4 to 14 (up to 18 ) carpels are in a constant upper, 4 - chambered ovary grown to 14 - - (up to 18 ). 4 to 14 ( to 18) are completely free stylus or partially bonded. In each ovary chamber are available in two rows of 15 to 50 hanging, anatrope, bitegmische, crassinucellate ovules. Pollination is by insects ( entomophily ).

Fruit and seeds

The woody or leathery seed capsules open at maturity and contain several seeds; they need more than one year to maturity. The winged seeds are rich in endosperm and a well-developed embryo with two non-thickened cotyledons ( cotyledons ).

Chromosome numbers and ingredients

The basic chromosome numbers be x = 15, 16

At Proanthocyanen cyanidin has been demonstrated.

Natural spread and locations as an ornamental plant

The genus Eucryphia has a disjoint area in the southern hemisphere: two species in Chile and adjacent areas in Argentina, two species in Queensland, of a species in New South Wales and Victoria and two species in Tasmania.

The Eucryphia species and varieties are prevailing in their home conditions ( mild winters, relatively cool summer, a lot of rain ) dependent; in Central Europe, they are not hardy. Because of their habitat requirements, they can be grown outdoors practically only in the Atlantic coast near locations in Europe and in the Pacific Northwest of North America and New Zealand.

System

The genus Eucryphia in 1798 by Cav. Icones Plantarum Descriptiones in et, quae aut sponte ..., 4, pp. 48 set up. Type species is Eucryphia cordifolia Cav .. The genus Eucryphia once formed a separate family Eucryphiaceae, today it belongs to the family of Cunoniaceae.

The genus Eucryphia contains only seven species:

• Chilean Scheinulme ( Eucryphia cordifolia Cav. ): Native to southern Chile ( at altitudes below 700 meters) and adjacent areas in Argentina.
• Sticky Scheinulme ( Eucryphia glutinosa ( Poepp. & Endl ) Baill, Syn: .. Eucryphia pinnatifolia Gay): Native to southern Chile in the regions VII to IX at altitudes between 200 and 1,400 meters.
• Tasmanian Scheinulme ( Eucryphia lucida ) ( Labill. ) Baill. Grows in Tasmania.
• Eucryphia milliganii Hook. f ( syn. E. lucida var milliganii ): History Tasmania.
• Eucryphia moorei F.Muell. Native to Australia in the states of New South Wales and Victoria.

The most famous hybrids are:

• Eucryphia × hillieri Ivens: (E. moorei x E. lucida )
• Eucryphia × intermedia J.Bausch (E. glutinosa × E. lucida )
• Eucryphia × nymansensis J.Bausch (E. cordifolia × E. glutinosa)
• Eucryphia ' Penwith ' (E. cordifolia × E. lucida )

Use

A few species and hybrids are used as ornamental plants for their beautiful and in the course of late- appearing flowers. Also, the wood is utilized.

Swell

• The Eucryphiaceae with the single genus Eucryphia at DELTA by L. Watson & MJ Dallwitz family. ( Description section )