Fabiana (plant)
Fabiana is a genus of the family Solanaceae. The 15 species are found exclusively in areas of western South America. The scientific genus name honors Francisco Fabián y Fuero (1719-1801), Archbishop of Valencia (1773-1794), and patron of botany.
- 5.1 Literature
- 5.2 Notes and references
Description
Vegetative characteristics
The Fabiana species are small-leaved shrubs and groundcovers that are usually 0.2 to 1.5 m high, but rarely reach sizes from 0.04 to 3.5 m. In some species the branching forms of young and older plants differ. The shoot axis and the foliage leaves missing crystal sand, but they form Druze and are harzend due to a dense, glandular hairs. The cork cambium forms the epidermis, the pericycle has strong fibers, the internal phloem is not fibrous.
The leaves are sessile, are overlapping each other in clusters, rosettes or individually, they lack veins enclosing fibers. They are only 1-8 mm in length and 0.5 to 0.8 mm in width very small, their shape is narrow obovate, ovate, cylindrical, linear or scale-like, sometimes they are tiny or absent.
Flowers
The flowers appear singly at 0.8 to 6 mm long pedicles or are sessile. They are slightly fragrant. The calyx consists of five partially fused together sepals. He is radial symmetry, cylindrical, bell-shaped or slightly urn -shaped, usually it is 3-9 mm long, but can be from 2.5 to 15 mm long. The sepals are linear or triangular, and usually a little shorter than the corolla tube, rarely as long. Which also fivefold and radiärsymmetrische crown is bell-shaped or dish-shaped and 8 to 20 mm long. It is usually whitish, violet only in exceptions or bluish, sometimes it is yellow marked with a red or purple streaks.
The five stamens are divided mostly into three short and two long on, only two species have all five of the same length. All stamens set at the same height in the lower half of the corolla tube, usually they are bent knee- shaped at both ends. The dust bag is fixed at the back, can slightly wider than, and then to be 0.5 to 0.7 mm long, or elongated, and then 1 to 1.3 mm long. The counters are separated or are fused into seven types with each other and are free from each other only in the lower half. The pollen grains have a diameter of 25-28 microns small, spherical or flattened spherical in shape. They are separated from each other, mostly trizonocolpat (the three germ folds lie on pollen equator) or sometimes tetracolpat (with four germ wrinkles provided ). The pollen grain wall ( exine ) is slightly wrinkled. The nectaries are invaginated - bilobed. The scar is usually saddle-shaped or shaped little head.
The fertilization of the flowers is done by enthusiasts.
Fruit and seeds
The fruits are capsules scheidewandspaltige with two split two seed compartments. The fruit are formed 30-52 seeds. These are polyhedral, angled and 0.6 to 1.6 mm long, the seed surface is finely honeycombed. The embryo is straight or only slightly curved, the cotyledons are small and much shorter than the rest of the embryo. Endosperm is abundant.
Other features
Chromosome numbers are known only from denudata F. and F. imbricata, was said or observed. Studies on secondary plant substances, there are mainly to F. imbricata, from this kind of, among others, the alkaloid was extracted Fabianin.
Occurrences and locations
The genus is found only between 16 and 51 degrees south latitude in western South America, along the Andes. Here in Argentina come before ten species, five of which are endemic, two species are found only in Chile, one exclusively in Bolivia.
Most species grow at altitudes 1000-4900 m, only the Patagonian species Fabiana Fabiana fiebrigii and nails are common in the lowlands and hardly come before above 300 m.
Use
Fabiana imbricata is used folk medicine in Argentina and Chile.
System
Within the genus 15 species are distinguished, type species is Fabiana imbricata.
Selection of species:
- Fabiana bryoides Phil
- Fabiana densa J.Remy
- Fabiana denudata Miers
- Fabiana fiebrigii S.C.Arroyo
- Fabiana foliosa ( Speg. ) S.C.Arroyo
- Fabiana friesii Dammer
- Fabiana imbricata Ruiz et Pav
- Fabiana nana ( Speg. ) S.C.Arroyo
- Fabiana patagonica Speg.
- Fabiana peckii Netherl
- Fabiana punensis Arroyo