Fatti di Rovereta

The clashes of Rovereta ( in Italian: Fatti di Rovereta ) represent a controversial event in the San Marino's history, which took place in 1957.

The political context

After the deposition of the National Unity Party as a result of the end of fascism reigned after the elections of 11 March 1945 left-wing coalition of the Communist Party of San Marino (PCS ) and the Socialist Party of San Marino (PSS ), the Republic whose term of office in the elections of was confirmed in 1955. In these elections, PCS and PSS brought together 35 of a total of 60 seats in the Great and General Council ( Consiglio Grande e Generale ) and formed the government.

This government tied closer diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union. Against the backdrop of the Cold War, the then Italian government could not tolerate the reigning communist government in the small republic. Therefore, a part of the San Marinesen held the exit of the communist PCS from the government for essential so as not to strain relations with Italy and to receive financial support of Italy and the United States.

Developments from summer to autumn 1957

The Sammarinese advice was from mid-April 1957 in the crisis, when five Socialist dissidents formed a new party, the Partito Socialista Indipendente Sammarinese, which allied itself in the " democratic coalition " with the Partito Democratico Cristiano Sammarinese and the Partito Socialista Democratico Sammarinese. The government coalition with 30 seats now faced an equally strong opposition. Therefore, throughout the summer refused on the two Captains Regent, Giordano Giacobini and Primo Marani to convene the Council. The reign of the Capitani was ( the Sammarinese Basic Law ) limited by the Statuti to 30 September; before the Council had to choose their successors. The choice was determined by the Capitani on 19 September in the afternoon; Unfortunately the Council had to be convened.

On September 18 rose Attilio Giannini, who was elected in 1955 as a non-party to the list of PCS from the former communist- socialist coalition government and helped the former opposition parties to a majority consisting of 23 deputies of the Partito Democratico Cristiano Sammarinese, 5 of the Partito Socialista Indipendente Sammarinese, 2 of the Partito Socialista Democratico Sammarinese and the non-party deputies Giannini itself

In PCS and PSS it was common practice of them associated Council members after their election abzuverlangen undated resignations in order to remove them from office for violations of party discipline from her post can. Although in the meantime six members PCS and PSS had left, the parties still had the blank resignation letter. With effect from 19 September PCS and PSS submitted every 35 resignations, including that of their renegade members. For the minimum number of Council Timm was not reached.

The Captains Regent dissolved the Council and set new elections on November 3 fixed. Since the Council had voted no new Capitani, the legal status of the previous Capitani was unclear about their tenure addition of 1 October. This was a constitutional crisis. The Captains Regent commissioned the Gendarmeria ( the police force of San Marino ), the Palazzo Pubblico shut off ( the seat of government ) in San Marino. The former opposition parties protested, members of the PSIS demanded to see the passed in their Resignations name as invalid.

The 31 members of the new Council majority gathered in front of the cathedral of the capital and put demands on governance, after they had launched a new run by Federico Bigi, Alvaro Casali, Giovanni Pietro Giancecchi and Zaccaria Savoretti government committee to life. In your opinion, the failed election of the new Reggenti was a coup. However, they were neither a new nor government appointed new leaders.

As a result of these events, there were not riots, but the voltage air continued. In the following days, all political parties support and contacts studied at Italian politicians.

The riots of Rovereta

On the evening of September 30 occupied the deputies of the new self-appointed majority Rovereta, an industrial area of ​​the municipality Serravalle in an area enclosed by Italian territory Sammarinese headland. On October 1, at midnight, at the end of the official rulers Captains Regent, the members of the Government Committee proclaimed a provisional government. Shortly afterwards besieged Italian Carabinieri, some with tanks, all three bordering Italy sides of the area. The Italian government recognized immediately the provisional government as legitimate.

After the formation of the provisional government, the government convened in San Marino, a volunteer militia unit ( Corpo di Milizia volontaria ) a, for a military invasion of the Provisional Government towards the capital with the help of Italian soldiers could not be excluded.

In this increasingly tense state, increased by the importation of many weapons from Italy and the failure of the negotiation experiments showed the head of the Gendarmeria ( san - safe marine police unit ) Ettore Sozzi able to maintain public order.

Eben This Sozzi received on October 8 and 9 of the provisional government the authority to maintain public safety and order to form a new Gendarmeria unit in the capital.

On 11 October, the Reggenti the crisis put an end to, recognized the provisional government and dissolved the voluntary militia units. On 14 October, the Provisional Government left their headquarters in Rovereta and ascended the Titano to take office in the Government Palace.