Federation of International Robot-soccer Association

Robot soccer is the implementation of the famous football team game for mobile robots.

Major international competitions in the RoboCup robot soccer are as well as by the Federation of International Robot - soccer Association ( FIRA ) aligned World Cup. RoboCup has set a long-term goal is to beat in 2050, the human world champion in an ordinary football game.

Standard problem in artificial intelligence

The American computer scientist Claude E. Shannon struck before 1950 to program a machine that can beat a human at chess (Programming a Computer for Playing Chess, Philosophical Magazine ). However, Konrad Zuse had several years earlier ( 1942-45 ) wrote the world's first chess program, in which he developed himself first high-level programming Plankalkül.

This idea employed in subsequent years, scientists around the world. In artificial intelligence, game theory emerged with powerful learning strategies and search methods. With the victory of Deep Blue, a supercomputer developed by IBM, the reigning world chess champion Garry Kasparov in 1996 reached computer chess as a research field of Artificial Intelligence its peak.

However, the AI researchers had already agreed that computer chess is no real test of machine intelligence services represented, even if it had spurred the developments in the field of artificial intelligence for years.

The approach of the computer chess game ( huge computational effort in huge databases) in no way corresponds to the human approach to the game of chess and is therefore not real ( human ) intelligence comparable. The deterministic nature of the chess game through which you can at least in theory, predict each train, requires no real intelligence. Go nowadays rather is considered a better touchstone.

Thus came 1995, the football game as a standard problem for the Artificial Intelligence on the agenda to reflect the latest trends in artificial intelligence, in which the robotics moved more into focus. Since it was recognized that intelligence requires a body and perception, autonomous robots should compete against each other.

The "problem" football game requires the acting in a real environment, with all other aspects of intelligence as the computer chess come to the fore. A soccer robot has to find his way in a dynamic world, operating in real time based on incomplete information and react to unforeseen events.

By " natural selection " in the context of football tournaments, the most successful approaches of artificial intelligence should prevail.

Robot soccer requires:

  • Plan
  • Learning
  • Sensor ( object recognition )
  • Motor skills ( shoot ball; locomotion )
  • Reactive behavior
  • Swarm coordination ( collective intelligence, swarm behavior )
  • Self-localization (determination of one's position ) and localization of the other players
  • Path planning ( planning a route to a given target position)

It is to defeat the reigning world football champion the goal of the initiators of the RoboCup 2050. This period roughly corresponds to the. Between the tasks of computer chess and the victory of Deep Blue against Garry Kasparov

RoboCup

Main article see: RoboCup

RoboCup World Championships will be awarded annually in different countries place at the national level tournaments such as the RoboCup German Open. There are up to 19 years to participate in the Major League teams and the University of the RoboCup Junior to the student. In both competitions again in robot soccer competitions are, instead of rescue and household robots.

Federation of International Robot - soccer Association ( FIRA )

The Federation of International Robot - soccer Association ( FIRA ) was established on 5 June 1997 in Daejeon (South Korea). It holds an annual robot soccer world championships ( FIRA Cup RoboWorld ) and local championships ( European Championships, ChinaCup, KoreaCup, South America Cup etc.).

World cup

The FIRA robot soccer world championships are held annually at different locations, accompanied by a scientific congress ( FIRA RoboWorld Congress). 2006 the parallel World Cup FIFA World Cup in Dortmund. The 2007 World Cup was held in San Francisco, parallel to the discharged there annual event " Robolympics ". The World Cup 2008, then - time parallel to the Summer Olympics - in Qingdao / China.

Venues for the World Cup

Divisions in the FIRA

  • Small (up to 50 cm high, 5 robots per team )
  • Medium ( max. 80 cm, 3 robots per team )
  • Large (up to 150 cm, 3 robots per team).
Deep Blue (chess computer) Real-time Summer Olympic Games France Brazil Campinas Australia Busan Daegu
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