Filipendula vulgaris
Small meadowsweet ( Filipendula vulgaris)
Called The Little meadowsweet ( Filipendula vulgaris), also small meadowsweet or bulbous meadowsweet ( other common names are tuber Geißbart, Wiesenkönigin and Filipendelwurz ) is a species of the genus meadowsweet ( Filipendula ) and belongs to the rose family ( Rosaceae ).
- 6.1 Literature
- 6.2 Notes and references
Description
Appearance and leaf
The Small Meadowsweet is a deciduous, perennial herbaceous plant, reaching heights of growth from 30 to 80 cm. The roots are often fusiform, rarely swollen spherical, resulting in the German trivial name bulbous meadowsweet results. The most upright and simple, rarely branched at the top of stem is bare, in cross section, terete to slightly angular or slightly grooved and less leafy upwards.
The leaves distributed away in a basal rosette and alternate on the stem. The short- stalked or sitting leaves are 15-25 cm long and 3 (rarely up to 4) cm wide and indistinct interrupted bipinnate. The 8 to 30 leaflets are oblong in outline, and even serrated back fiederlappig or twice and the larger ones are 10 to 25 mm long and 4-8 mm wide. The leaves are green on both, upper side glabrous and hairy under hand about.
Inflorescence, flower and fruit
The flowering period extends from May to July. Many flowers are borne in a compound, doppeltraubigen inflorescence, which has a length of 3 to 10 cm and different long and strong branches. The partly pedunculated, partly seated flowers are radial symmetry. They usually have six sepals. The most six white, exterior often somewhat reddish petals are 5-9 mm long and oblong- obovate. Each flower has 20-40 stamens, which are as long or longer than the petals. The six to twelve fruit leaves are hairy and wear at the head of an umbrella- shaped scar.
The one-seeded, balgfruchtähnlichen achenes are 3-4 mm long and light brown.
Chromosome number and the ingredients
The chromosome number is 2n = 14, rarely 16
The tubers contain starch and tannins.
Ecology
The Small Meadowsweet is a perennial with vielstängelige partially thickened, sprossbürtigen roots with storage and root function. These also form leafy shoots self propagation. Germination occurs already in early spring.
The radiating to propagating pen of flowers provide the pollinators a good landing surface, thereby enabling a rule -pollination. Cases of failure to flower visiting the innermost stamens curving towards the scar and it comes to self-pollination.
The hairy, fallen fruits have a curved stylus moiety allowing the Velcro spread.
Occurrence
The distribution area of the Small meadowsweet ranges from Europe and North Africa to Central Asia. Locations are in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Denmark, Sweden, Norway (up to almost 64 degrees north latitude ), Finland, the Baltic states, Poland, Belarus, Ukraine, Orenburg, Altai, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia, Central Europe, Italy, France, Portugal, Spain, former Yugoslavia, Hungary, Slovakia, Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Romania, Turkey, Morocco, Algeria, in the Caucasus region of Georgia, Azerbaijan, Armenia and Iran. In North America and the eastern region of Primorye, the Small meadowsweet is only introduced before.
In Austria, the small meadowsweet occurs in all states and is considered endangered. In the Pannonian area the species occurs frequently, otherwise it is scattered to very rare.
The bulbous meadowsweet comes to lean grass, in semi-arid grassland in Molinia meadows and pine forests before on calcareous, clayey, alternately dry ground. It rises in central Europe up to altitudes of 1400 or 1500 meters, in the Valais to 1720 meters.
Taxonomy
The Small Meadowsweet was first published in 1753 by Carolus Linnaeus in Species Plantarum under the name Spiraea L. filipendula. Conrad Moench she put 1794 in the genus Filipendula, replacing the name of Linnaeus with the nomen novum Filipendula vulgaris Moench. Other synonyms are: Filipendula hexapetala Gilib. ex Maxim. , Ulmaria filipendula (L.) Hill.
Use
Tuberous roots and young leaves can be cooked as a vegetable or salad. Your taste is sweetish bitter.
Swell
- Small meadowsweet. In: FloraWeb.de. ( Description section )