Francisco Tadeo Calomarde y ArrÃa
Francisco Tadeo Calomarde de Retascón y Arria ( born February 10, 1773 in Villel ( Aragon ), † 19 July 1842 in Toulouse) was a Spanish statesman ( Minister of Justice 1824-1833 ) and Duke of Santa Isabel (Kingdom of the Two Sicilies ).
Life
Calomarde, who came from a poor home, studied at the University of Zaragoza, the law, was a lawyer and obtained by the well- calculated engagement with the ugly niece of the royal physician Berga an appointment in the Department of Justice, but then had to close the marriage of the king by the threat of galleys are forced. Fleeing from the French tyranny, followed Calomarde 1808, the Central Junta of Aranjuez, whose chief he was elected, to Seville and then to Cadiz. When Ferdinand VII returned to Spain in 1814, paid homage Calomarde in Valencia as one of the first to the sovereign king, for which he was appointed chief magistrate of the general Secretaria de Indias. Because of the assumption of a considerable sum of money for the award of an American diocese he was deposed in 1816 and exiled to Toledo as well as clandestine return to Madrid to Pamplona.
With the restoration of the constitution in 1820 Calomarde offered again the Liberals, but was rejected. He first gained influence, as in 1823, the absolutist monarchy in Spain was re- erected by the French invasion. The Duke of El Infantado appointed him secretary of the low set in Madrid reign. He was then appointed as a supporter of the reaction to the Secretary of the Cámara del real patronato and transported by the King to the Minister of Justice in June 1824. For eight years now were the most important affairs of state through his hands. The favor of the king gave him a great abundance of power, which he used for the maintenance of absolutism, to suppress freedom efforts, particularly through the secret police, the recall of the Jesuits, to restore the monasteries and the relentless pursuit of the Liberals. At the same time he sought the favor of the younger brother of Ferdinand VII, the Infante Don Carlos, to assure in advance, while he sternly punished each spoiled Carlist insurrection.
Ferdinand VII was confirmed on 29 March 1830 in a decree issued in 1789 by his father Charles IV of Spain decided, but not too formal validity arrived repeal of the only male heir to the throne permitting Salic law. His minor daughter Isabella should be in the event of his death follow him under the regency of her mother, Queen Maria Christina, on the throne. Don Carlos saw himself as to his succession law is changed and did not accept the decision. Now when the king on September 14, 1832 in his summer palace of La Granja so fell dangerously ill that he was already dying, according to his doctors, Calomarde warned the Queen that in the case of Isabella's accession to the throne was a risk of civil war. The frightened queen asked her husband as soon as he had recovered somewhat to the withdrawal of his decree and the restoration of the Salic law. Ferdinand VII signed on September 18, the previously -picked by Calomarde relevant adoption in the presence of his wife and the government. But the king recovered again and was moved contributed to an additional change of mind. He dismissed his government, appointed a new, chaired by Francisco Cea Bermúdez held on December 31, 1832 and canceled his decree of 18 September. Calomarde was referred to his estates in Aragon and should be even arrested three months later, but escaped disguised as a Franciscan to France. Since then he has lived mostly in New Orleans under the supervision of the French police, and died 1842 in Toulouse.