Frank Marshall (chess player)
Frank James Marshall ( born August 10, 1877 in New York City; † November 9, 1944 ) was an American chess player.
Life
Marshall grew up in Montreal, where he also learned to play chess. Later the family moved to New York.
The international breakthrough Marshall in 1900 when he beat in the Master Tournament of Paris Emanuel Lasker and shared second place with Harry Nelson Pillsbury.
Between 1909 and 1936 he was considered the best player in the USA, but with changing services. Its probably the greatest success in international tournaments was the victory at Cambridge Springs in 1904 ahead of world champion Emanuel Lasker, which he clearly in a competition for the world chess championship in 1907, however, with 3,5:11,5 ( 8 losses, 7 draws, 0 victories) was defeated. In 1906 he won the Masters tournament in Nuremberg ( 15th Congress of the German Chess Federation ), 1908, the tournament in Dusseldorf ( 16th Congress of the DSB ). In 1936 he gave the title of national champion of the USA back voluntarily, and was succeeded by Samuel Reshevsky.
Marshall had the reputation to bring extremely shrewd victims in his games, they spoke respectfully of Marshall cheating. He often played simultaneous tournaments against recreational players. In all four victories of the United States at the Chess Olympiads in the thirties (1931 in Prague, 1933 in Folkestone, 1935 in Warsaw and in 1937 in Stockholm ) Marshall was one of the party.
He founded the well-known and still existing Marshall Chess Club in New York, who after his death by his wife Carrie († 1971) was conducted.
According to him, is a variant of the Ruy Lopez - the Marshall Attack, a sharp gambit opening - have been named, and the Marshall defense in the Queen's Gambit. He also tried Gambit ideas in the French Defence ( 1 e2 -e4 e7 - e6 2 d2 -d4 d7 -d5 3 Nb1 - c3 c7 - c5 ) and the Sicilian Defence ( 1 e2 -e4 c7 - c5 2 Sg1 -f3 e7 - e6 3 d2 -d4 d7 -d5 ).
In his game against Stepan Levitsky at Breslau Marshall played in 1912 one of the most spectacular features of chess history:
Marshall had played 22 ... Th6xh3 last train and won a figure, because the tower is indirectly covered by the impending fork. The last train of white was now 23 Re5 - c5. Marshall as Black has currently a figure more, but when his lady is withdrawn, the attack secures 24 Tc5 - c7 Rf8 - f7 25 c8 Tc7 - TF7 -f8 26 Rc8 - c7 repetition of position. There was, however, the spectacular train 23 ... Dc3 - g3! - This is about Matt by Dg3xh2. White can now beat the lady in three different ways, but loses in all variants: On 24 h2xg3 sets Nd4 - e2 immediately Matt, also 24 f2xg3 is inappropriate due to mate in two moves ( Nd4 - e2 25 K g1 -h1 Tf8xf1 # ). After 24 Dg5xg3 followed Nd4 - e2 25 K g1 -h1 Se2xg3 26 Kh1 g1 Sg3xf1 with easily won position. White gave up hence.
As Marshall himself describes in his autobiography My fifty years of chess (1942 ), the audience of this game end were so enthusiastic that they threw gold coins on the chessboard.
The work My fifty years of chess, however, was written by Ghost Writer Fred Reinfeld. Kenner noted in retrospect that the train 23 ... De3 might as won.
Marshall had a son Frank Rice.
His best historical Elo rating was 2762nd This he reached 1917. Intermittent he was No. 2 in the world rankings.
Quote
" I have been playing chess for over fifty years. I started when i was ten years old, and I am still going strong. In all that time I do not believe a day has gone by did I have not played at least one game of chess - and I still enjoy it as much as ever. "
"I play chess for over 50 years. I started at the age of ten years, and I still play well. In all the time I think passed no day on which I had and not played at least one game I still enjoy it as the beginning. "