Friedrich Kraus
Friedrich Kraus ( born May 31, 1858 in the bottom stream, Bohemia, † March 1, 1936 in Berlin) was an Austrian physician, internist and pathologist.
Life
Friedrich Kraus studied at the German University in Prague, received his doctorate in 1882 and joined the local medical clinic, which was headed by Otto Kahler ( 1849-1893 ). As Kahler 1889 left Prague to become the successor of Heinrich von Bamberger as Professor of Special Pathology at the University of Vienna and head of the Department of Medicine, Kraus succeeded him as assistant. 1890 Bare diseased tongue cancer, Kraus took over his lectures and was in the same year habilitate.
Among his major publications in this period include the collaboration with Franz Chvostek ( junior) wrote essay "On the respiratory gas exchange in the attack of fever after injection of Koch's fluid " ( Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift, 1891, 4 ( 6): 104-107; 4 (7): 127-130 ).
After a professorship and the management of the Rudolph Hospital in Vienna followed in 1894 a professorship in Graz. During his tenure there, Kraus was also active in the public health care: a third conductor of the Graz Medical Clinic he was - along with his assistant Theodore Pfeifer - essential for the care of tuberculosis patients in. At his suggestion the Styrian tuberculosis sanatoriums were (including the pride Alpe ) and set up a tuberculosis care.
On June 21, 1902, Kraus successor of the clinician Carl Gebhardt ( 1833-1902 ) as director of the Second Medical Clinic of the Charité in Berlin. His inaugural lecture on November 14, 1902 was entitled " The value of functional diagnostics ".
Among his assistants Theodor Brugsch (1878-1963) and Rachel Hirsch ( 1870-1953 ).
From 1925 to 1928 Kraus gave along with the People's Commissar of Health of the Soviet Union Nikolai Alexandrovich Semashko ( 1874-1949 ), the " German - Russian medical journal " in German and Russian languages out.
From 1927 to 1931, Kraus Chairman of the Berlin Society for Empirical Philosophy, a counterpart to the Vienna Ernst Mach.
For the year 1929 Kraus was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
At the time of Kraus's retirement in 1927 Brugsch recorded 67 original papers, 19 books and 1,312 scientific work of his employees and refers to about 2,000 dissertations that had arisen in the time of Kraus 's Directorate. After significant achievements in the field of electrocardiography - Kraus is considered a pioneer of modern cardiovascular diagnostics - were Kraus's later work on colloid chemistry, which led him to the basics of biology, of great potential importance for a functional analysis of the processes of life. His magnum opus published in 1926: General and special pathology of the person. Clinical Syzygiologie [ related teaching ]. In it, he distinguishes between " Kortikalperson " and " low person ". The latter apply his studies in which the " vegetative flow " electrolytic liquids plays the central role. Kraus ' research that has been through the work of his colleague Samuel G. Zondek ( electrolytes, 1927) were significantly supported and supplemented, are not refuted or recognized as irrelevant in the 1930s, but ( in the boom of the new molecular biology ) Forgot normal.
There was only one - even then rather controversial - medical professionals, the " whole hog " went as Kraus and on the concept of " vegetative flow " built: Wilhelm Reich in his development of the ( psychological ) psychoanalysis ( psychosomatic ) Vegetotherapy.