Fritillaria

Ordinary fritillary ( Fritillaria meleagris )

Fritillaria, German chess flower, a genus of the lily family is ( Liliaceae ). Many species of Fritillaria are valued as ornamental plants, the best known is probably the imperial crown.

The scientific name comes from the Latin word fritillus for " dice cup " and alludes to the shape of the flowers and on the square pattern on.

Description

Fritillaria species are perennial herbaceous plants. The onion of these geophytes consists of usually two to three densely packed, fleshy, starchy onion flakes, which are initially protected by a thin, translucent skin, but which disappears with age. Occasionally, they also form small daughter bulbs.

The stem is single, unbranched, erect and leafy. The leaves at the base of the stem are stalked, the leaves on the stem sessile, in whorls, arranged opposite or alternate and linear to ovate.

The flowers are either individually ( then usually nodding ), or in doldigen or many-flowered racemose inflorescences. Bracts are usually available. The hermaphrodite flowers are bell - to cup-shaped. The six non -blown bloom are often similar checkerboard patterned with alternating light and dark squares in the middle and have often a green longitudinal stripes; the reason there are conspicuous nectaries. The basis of the six stamens is usually just above the insertion of the anthers. The ovary is upper constant, the stylus is undivided or columns and frail, the scars are linear or very short.

The three compartments fruit capsules are erect, flattened with six sometimes winged longitudinal edges of the top and open lengthwise. The flat, yellow - brown seeds are arranged in two rows for each subject.

The basic chromosome number is x = 12 or x = 13; often there are chromosome fragments.

Dissemination

The approximately 140 species of the genus are all native to the temperate zones of the northern hemisphere, diversity centers are Central Asia and the Mediterranean, so come in Turkey with approximately 30 species more species than the whole of China or North America before.

System

The genus comprises about 140 species and is closely related to the lily ( Lilium) and Nomocharis. In Central Europe 's only indigenous endangered in Germany and Austria Ordinary Schachblume.

Types (selection)

  • Spitzkronige Fritillarie ( Fritillaria acmopetala Boiss. ), Origin: Turkey, Cyprus, Lebanon, Syria?
  • Speckles Chess (Fritillaria affinis ( Schult. & Schult.f ) Sealy. ), Origin: Canada, United States.
  • Stinking Fritillarie ( Fritillaria agrestis Greene)
  • Erzurum fritillary ( Fritillaria alburyana Rix ), Origin: Eastern Turkey.
  • Fritillaria alfredae Post
  • Fritillaria armena Boiss, home. Eastern Turkey.
  • Syrian Fritillarie ( Fritillaria assyriaca Baker)
  • Fritillaria atropurpurea Nutt.
  • Gold egg - Fritillarie or gold fritillary ( Fritillaria aurea Schott), Origin: Turkey.
  • Zweiblütige Fritillarie or mission bell ( Fritillaria biflora Lindl. ), Origin: California, Baja California.
  • Bithynian Fritillarie ( Fritillaria bithynica Baker)
  • Fritillaria brandegeei Eastw, home. Western Turkey.
  • Bukhara Fritillarie ( Fritillaria bucharica rule), Origin: Central Asia, Afghanistan.
  • Shadow Schachblume or Black Fritillarie ( Fritillaria camschatcensis (L.) Ker - Gawl. ), Origin: Alaska, Canada, USA, Kamchatka, Sakhalin, Amur, Japan.
  • Kara Fritillarie ( Fritillaria carica Rix ), Origin: South West Turkey, Greece ( Aegean Sea ).
  • Purple Brown Fritillarie ( Fritillaria caucasica Adams), Origin: Northeast Turkey, the Caucasus, northwest Iran.
  • Sulfur yellow fritillary ( Fritillaria collina Adams), Origin: Central Asia.
  • Fritillaria conica Boiss., Occurs only in Greece.
  • Dickblättrige fritillary ( Fritillaria crassifolia Boiss & A.Huet. ), Origin: Turkey, Iraq, the Caucasus, Iran.
  • Fritillaria Dagana Turcz.
  • Davis fritillary ( Fritillaria davisii Turrill ), occurs only in southern Greece.
  • Fritillaria drenovskii Degen & Stoj. , Occurs only in Greece and Bulgaria.
  • Fritillaria dzhabavae A.P.Khokhr.
  • Fritillaria eastwoodiae RMMacfarl, home. U.S. (Oregon, Northern California ).
  • Eduard Imperial Crown ( Fritillaria eduardii rule), Origin: Central Asia, north Kashmir.
  • Fritillaria ehrhartii Boiss. & Orph. , Occurs only in the Aegean.
  • Grünstreifige Fritillarie ( Fritillaria elwesii Boiss. ), Origin: South Turkey.
  • Fritillaria epirotica ex Turrill Rix, is found only in northwestern Greece.
  • Fritillaria euboeica Rix, is found only on the island of Euboea.
  • Fritillaria falcata ( Jeps. ) D.E.Beetle
  • Fritillaria forbesii Baker
  • Fritillaria gentneri Gilkey
  • Fritillaria glauca Greene
  • Greek fritillary ( Fritillaria graeca Boiss & Spruner. ), Origin: Balkan Peninsula.
  • Fritillaria grandiflora Grossh.
  • Fritillaria grayana Rchb.f. & Baker
  • Fritillaria gussichiae (. Degen & Dörfl ) Rix, Origin: Northern Greece, Bulgaria, Macedonia.
  • Fritillaria hermonis Fenzl ex Klatt
  • Imperial Crown ( Fritillaria imperialis L.), Origin: Turkey, Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Kashmir.
  • Gegenblättrige fritillary ( Fritillaria involucrata space. ), Occurs only in France and Italy.
  • Fritillaria karadagensis Turrill
  • . Fritillaria kotschyana Herb, Origin: Northern Iran, Caucasus.
  • Fritillaria kurdica Boiss. & Noë
  • Wide bell fritillary ( Fritillaria latifolia Willd. ), Origin: Caucasus.
  • White Fritillarie ( Fritillaria Liliacea Lindl. )
  • Portuguese fritillary ( Fritillaria lusitanica Wikstr. ), Occurs only in Portugal, Spain and Morocco.
  • Fritillaria macedonica Bornm.
  • Fritillaria maximowiczii Freyn
  • Common Schachblume or Ordinary fritillary, checkered lily ( Fritillaria meleagris L.), Origin: Europe. Fritillaria meleagris subsp. burnatii ( Planchon ) Rix
  • Fritillaria meleagris subsp. meleagris
  • Delicate fritillary ( Fritillaria messanensis gracilis subsp. ) ( Ebel ) Rix, Origin: Croatia, Albania.
  • Fritillaria messanensis subsp. messanensis
  • Fritillaria messanensis subsp. neglecta ( Parl ) Nyman
  • Fritillaria messanensis subsp. sphaciotica ( Gand. ) Kamari & Phitos
  • Fritillaria tubiformis subsp. moggridgei ( Boiss. & Reut. ex Planch. ) Rix
  • Fritillaria tubiformis subsp. tubiformis

Evidence

  • Edward Martin Rix: Fritillaria L. In: Peter Hadland Davis ( eds.): Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Vol 8 ( Butomaceae to Typhaceae ). Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh 1984, ISBN 0-85224-494-0, p 284
  • Chen Xinqi (陈心启), Helen V. Mordak: Fritillaria. In: Wu Zheng -yi, Peter H. Raven (eds.): Flora of China. Volume 24: Flagellariaceae through Marantaceae, Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2000, ISBN 0-915279-83-5, p 127, online.
  • Bryan Ness: Fritillaria. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee ( eds.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 26: Magnoliophyta: Liliidae: Liliales and Orchidales, Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford et al 2002, ISBN 0-19-515208-5, p 164, online.
  • Edward Martin Rix: Fritillaria L. In: TG Tutin, VH Heywood, NA Burges, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb ( eds.): Flora Europaea. Volume 5: Alismataceae to Orchidaceae ( Monocotyledones ), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1980, ISBN 0 - 521-20108 -X, pp. 31-34 ( limited preview on Google Book Search ).
  • Eckhart J. Hunter, Friedrich Ebel, Peter Hanelt, Gerd Müller, K. (ed.): Excursion Flora of Germany. Founded by Werner Roth painter. Volume 5: Herbaceous ornamental and useful plants, Springer, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Berlin / Heidelberg, 2008, ISBN 978-3-8274-0918-8, pp. 682-688.
  • Walter Erhardt, Erich Götz, Nils Boedeker, Siegmund Seybold: The big walleye. Encyclopedia of plant names. Band. 2 species and varieties. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7.
Lilioideae Perennial plant Umbel Ovary (botany) Stigma (botany)
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