GabÄÃkovo–Nagymaros Dams
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The power plant is a run Gabčíkovo power plant in Slovakia at river kilometer in 1836 and uses the water power of the river Danube. It is the largest power plant in Slovakia and generates around 11% of national electricity demand.
History
As early as 1947, Stalin wanted to make the shallow alluvial between Györ and Bratislava navigable throughout the year. A channel should enable Soviet warships to reach the borders of the former Eastern Bloc. In the 1950s, the first plans were drawn up, but not realized.
After major flooding of the area in the 1950s and 1960s, signed in 1977 Hungary and Czechoslovakia, an agreement for the construction of barrages system Gabčíkovo - Nagymaros. The plan was a power plant in Gabčíkovo and a second 120 km down the Danube in Hungary Nagymaros. For this purpose the channeling and damming of the Danube to 200 km would have been required. Already in 1981, wanted to suspend the project for financial reasons, the Hungarian government. 1984 reaffirmed Hungarian environmentalists through a signature campaign against the environmental concerns of this mammoth project. After the end of the Kádár government in 1988, the new government 1989, according to a scientific study of the environmental consequences of the project, all work in Hungary without specifying the reason a.
The Czechoslovak government, however, clung to the ongoing construction and began in 1991 with the construction of a canal, which diverts a portion of the water from the border river at Čunovo on Slovak territory. On 24 October 1992, the channel was flooded under Hungarian protests. Hungary took this as a violation of the frontier and demanded the restoration of the original state of the Danube. Slovakia in turn did not accept the unilateral termination of contracts from 1977 by Hungary and insisted on their observance.
In 1993, both countries agreed to a referral to the International Court of Justice in The Hague. On 25 September 1997 the Court ruled that both countries had violated international law. The original contract applies on and both countries should negotiate a new, more environmentally friendly solution. The ICJ noted in its decision that if it were a contract with a territorial bond when concluded between Hungary and Czechoslovakia Agreement. For such a contract arises from customary international law that a successor state should take over the contracts of the area predecessor. Slovakia is thus tied to the time of his contract of Czechoslovakia with Hungary. To resolve the dispute, representatives of both governments agreed in March 1998 on a framework agreement. A real agreement has not come into existence until today, which strained relations between Hungary and Slovakia to the present day.
Technical Description
Southeast of Čunovo, at river kilometer 1.85348.03166666666717.230555555556 branches of the 38.5 km long power station canal and ends at Danube km 1811 back to the original river bed. About 80 % of the water of the Danube River are diverted into this channel, which runs parallel to the old bed of the Danube and is up to 700 m wide. After 16.7 km, the power plant is 8 Kaplan turbines with a maximum capacity of 90 MW. Its capacity is 5,040 m³ / s, the standard capacity 2,200 million kWh annually.