Georg Lunge
Georg Lunge ( born September 15, 1839 in Breslau, † 3 January 1923 in Zurich ) was a German chemist.
Life
His father, Heinrich lung, was a merchant; he sent his son George in 1848 on the Breslauer Mary Magdalene Gymnasium, this 1856 - only 16 ½ years old - left with the Abitur. Georg Lunge then studied at the University of Breslau chemistry Carl Lowig. He received his Ph.D. under the guidance of Ferdinand Cohn already in 1859, to then continue his studies in Heidelberg under Robert Bunsen. Back in Silesia, he devoted himself to 1860 tasks in the fast growing chemical industry. In order to gain further experience, he went to England in 1864. Close to Newcastle, he was director of a newly founded Sodafabrik. The 1869 contracted marriage with the daughter of the factory owner was divorced in 1895. From this connection came from three sons and three daughters. Between 1876 and 1907 lung was a professor of chemical engineering at the Swiss Federal Polytechnic School in Zurich. There he taught in dyeing, bleaching, building materials, ceramics, glass, metallurgy. By 1916, the lung was still scientifically active.
Services
The industrial production of soda with all its usable by-products became the key industry of the inorganic chemicals industry. The technical production of soda was the great task of research Lunges. With a series of essays in English and German journals to lung made a name as a technical chemist. In 1876 he followed - with the support of Heinrich Caro - the call to Professor of Chemical Engineering at the ETH Zurich. Many contributions to lung dealt with both technical processes as well as analysis. Lungs and co-workers studied the industrial manufacturing of the major acids, sulfuric acid, nitric acid. Lung also developed a method ( freeze-out ) for obtaining concentrated sulfuric acid, which, however, was soon replaced in the art by the contact process.
The Nobel Prize winner for chemistry in 1918, Fritz Haber, worked at the ETH Zurich as his assistant. Lunges longtime assistant Karl Heumann (1850-1894) began his studies on the synthesis of indigo in lung.
As important author lung enriched the scientific literature with many standard works. With his treatises on the industry of the Steinkohlentheers and the ammonia distillation of sulfuric acid and alkali Steinkohlentheers and he explained his position as the highest authority in this field. Other important books were The Handbook of soda industry, Paperback for the large-scale chemical industry. A bibliography of his publications lists nearly 700 titles. Chemical-technical investigation methods, to which he contributed, their confirmation received through his studies on technical analysis.
According to him Lunges reagent is named, a detection agent in inorganic analysis for nitrite and nitrate. In the process engineering analysis he led methyl orange (previously only litmus was used ) as an indicator for alkalimetry one. Lungs examined the concentrations of acids, alkalis and salt solutions in art by density measurements using a hydrometer, its very accurate table works were later chemists as an important resource. For many material analysis (nitrates, carbonates, hydrogen peroxide), he also developed gas-volumetric method ( averaging ash Gasvolumeter ).
In one he developed at ETH Zurich chemical engineering internship, the link between research and practice has been established. In the Tonwarenfabrikanten Commerce Ludwig Rohrmann in Krauschwitz ( Upper Lusatia ) lungs had found a partner who could make him suitable for his research equipment and containers. Rohrmann made since about 1880 acid-fast in his earthenware stoneware for the chemical industry and received on industrial exhibitions repeatedly Awards. The two developed and patented as the lung - Rohrmann plate tower.
In 1907 the retirement Georg Lunges. On the occasion of his 70th birthday he founded in Zurich, a foundation that bears his name, and whose mission is to promote talented chemical engineers. 1918 lung received an honorary doctorate from the University of Frankfurt.
His tomb is located on the southwest Stahnsdorf.
Works (selection)
- Distilling the Steinkohlentheers and the processing products of the associated side. Vieweg, Braunschweig 1867
- Handbook of soda ash industry and its tributaries. 2 vols. Vieweg, Braunschweig 1879
- Paperback for soda, pot ash and ammonia production. Edited on behalf of the Association of German Sodafabrikanten and the participation of the Commissions members Ignatz Stroof inter alia Springer, Berlin 1883. -
- Literature by and about Georg Lunge in the catalog that German national library