Geranium sanguineum
Bloody Cranesbill (Geranium sanguineum )
Blood Red Cranesbill or blood Cranesbill (Geranium sanguineum ) is a plant of the genus Geranium (Geranium ) within the family of Geranium Family ( Geraniaceae ). It is also native to Central Europe.
Description
Vegetative characteristics
Blood Red Cranesbill is a perennial herbaceous plant, reaching heights of growth from 15 to 50 (rarely 60) cm. He is a widely creeping, with a diameter of about 1 cm relatively thick rhizome that branches, studded with low leaves and red on the inside. The stems are decumbent to ascending and usually dichotomously branched from the foundation. The bright green, blood-red in autumn stems are densely with 1 to 2.5 mm long, horizontally or backwards hair standing open until almost bald. Glandular hairs are rare.
The basal leaves wither early. The basal leaves are opposite, the lowest are 4-9 cm long, petiolate, the upper 0.5 to 3 cm long. The leaf blade is divided to the base into seven (rarely five or six) and sections 3-5 (rarely 8) inches wide. They are usually hairy on both sides scattered. The sections carry a lineal or three, pointed tip. The red-brown, trockenhäutigen stipules are ovate to lanceolate, with a length of 0.5 to 1.5 cm and at the edge scattered to shaggy hairy.
Generative features
The partial inflorescences are flowered (rarely two flowered ) and 2-7 (rarely 1-10 ) cm long stalks, this project beyond the bracts. The flower stalks are 1-3 cm long, nod after pollination and fruit ripening are upright again. Both stems are long white hairs protruding and also bear sessile glands.
The hermaphrodite flowers are radial symmetry and fünfzählig double perianth. The five free sepals are 8-13 mm long, apiculate 1 to 2.5 mm and have three to seven nerves, and are particularly hairy on this. The corolla has a diameter of 2.5 to 4 cm. The five free, bright red - purple petals are incised upside - long heart-shaped and partly irregularly at a length of 13 to 18 ( rarely 20) mm. Your nail is short haired. Two groups of five stamens present which are shorter than the sepals. The stamens are broad at the base, their margin is ciliated.
The 3-4 cm long fruit as with all Geranium species a dehydration spreader. Beak like fruit flaps are hairy and drüsenlos. The seeds are smooth to very finely punctured.
Pollination Ecology
The flowers are protandrous. They are nectar - leading disk flowers. The scars are one to two days before the anthers receptive. Self-pollination is in addition to the insect pollination also. The most common flower visitors are Syrphidae, Hymenoptera, but also butterflies and Coleoptera. Bloom time is May to September.
Occurrence
Blood Red Cranesbill is located in subozeanischen Europe. Its area is meridional / montane to temperat. It grows on dry, bushy slopes, in steppe heath and sparse forests. It occurs mainly on dry, loose, nutrient-poor and often calcareous soils. It can be found from the colline to the montane (rarely subalpine ) height level in Tyrol he gets isolated at altitudes of up to 1500 meters.
In northern Germany it is rare, scattered in the south. Blood Red Cranesbill was in Germany in 2001, the flower of the year and is classified as critically endangered plant species, for example in Saxony on the Red List.
In Austria, the species occurs in the Pannonian region and partly in Carinthia often, otherwise only scattered to rare. In Salzburg, the blood Cranesbill missing.
Documents
- Rudolf Schubert, Klaus Werner, Hermann Meusel (ed.): Exkursionsflora the territories of the GDR and the FRG. Founded by Werner Roth painter. 13th edition. Volume 2: vascular plants, people and knowledge, Berlin 1987, ISBN 3-06-012539-2 (Area ).
- Siegmund Seybold (ed.): Schmeil - Fitschen interactive. CD -ROM, Version 1.1, Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6.
- Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Exkursionsflora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol. 3rd revised edition. Province of Upper Austria, Biology Centre of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9.