Glaucium flavum

Yellow horned poppy ( Glaucium flavum )

The Yellow horned poppy ( Glaucium flavum ) is a plant from the family of the poppy family ( Papaveraceae ). A native of the Mediterranean plant species is now found as a naturalized neophyte in many coastlines in the world.

The scientific name refers to the Latin: glaucus = blue green for the appearance of the plant and Latin: flavus = yellow for the color of the petals are.

• 5.1 Notes and references
• 5.2 External links

Description

Vegetative characteristics

The Yellow horned poppy is a biennial to perennial herbaceous plant, reaching heights of growth from 20 to 90, sometimes even 100 centimeters. He has ascending to prostrate, much branched, hairless or slightly hairy stems. The lower leaves form a rosette and are stalked, above they are then seated and include the reason the stems. The vibrant green leaves are fleshy, fiederspaltig frosted with toothed to lobed sections and gray-green. They are up to 30 centimeters long and have up to nine cuts, and they are less deeply lobed towards the apex than at the base.

Generative features

Stands at the ends of the stems, about bracts, terminal or leaf axils each a flower. The hermaphrodite, radial symmetry flowers have a diameter of 5-9 centimeters. The two 2 to 4 inches long sepals are often hairy and fall off when you open the flower. The four inverted egg-shaped, lemon to golden yellow petals often have reddish to purple spots on are 2.5 to 4 inches long and overlap mostly at the bottom. The petals usually fall just two days after flowering bloom again. Occasionally also occur three sepals and six petals. There are many stamens with yellow stamens and anthers available. Two carpels are fused into a superior ovaries. The bilobed scar is directly on the ovary, so it lacks a stylus. The flowering period extends from May to August.

There shall be set upright, long, narrow fruit capsules with two compartments. Although the yellow horned poppy belongs to the family of the Poppy Family, see the capsules more pods of cruciferous than the pores capsules of other poppy plants similar. The bare, warty capsules are 15-30 inches long and are usually slightly curved. Are the capsules mature, they tear lengthwise on and release the seeds. The dark brown seeds ripen from August to September.

The chromosome number is 2n = 12

Ingredients

Especially the yellowish milky juice of the yellow horn poppy contains toxic isoquinoline alkaloids. Typical examples of this are Magnoflorin, existing in the herb Glaucine and the present in the root chelerythrine.

Occurrence and ecology

The Yellow horned poppy grows on the Spülsäumen the seas in nutrient-rich slightly saline soils. It is found on the coasts of the Mediterranean basin, the Black Sea and along the coasts of Western Europe and into Skagerrak. But even inland on sandy to rocky soils near the coast and on ruderal sites such as dumps or waste land, it does happen. Occasionally, it is also grown as a garden ornamental plant and then run wild sometimes. In Germany and Austria it is in most areas of a fickle nature ( that is, it is not final naturalized ). In some states, it is on the Red List as " potentially endangered " Art In total, the stock is roughly constant, and this species is in Central Europe as safely.

Suitable locations for the yellow horned poppy are warm sunny places with permeable weak base, nitrogen-rich soils at altitudes below 700 meters. He bears little salty soils having a chloride content of less than 0.3 %.

In the persistent form of mockery Yellow Poppy wintered green. He can survive temperatures of up to -10 ° C. The pollination of hermaphrodite flowers carried by insects. Since the scar is more receptive capable mature than the anthers, self-pollination is rare. To her spread this kind benefits the Wind ( Anemochorie ), ants ( myrmecochory ) and Velcro spread.

The variety Glaucium flavum var leiocarpum is in Cyprus, widespread in Iran and Iraq, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey, and Turkmenistan.

To confuse the plant is due to its yellow flowers with Meconopsis cambrica and Eschscholzia californica.

Use

The roots of the yellow horn poppy were scoured in ancient Greece and the decoction used as a remedy for dysentery. Today it is sometimes used as a garden ornamental. From the seeds of a clear yellow oil food can be produced. This is available because of the clean burning alternative as lamp fuel. Likewise, the oil is suitable for soap making.

Sources and further information

The article is mainly based on the following documents:

• Oskar Sebald: Guide to the Nature. Wild plants in Central Europe. ADAC Verlag, Munich 1989, ISBN 3-87003-352-5.
• Deni Bown: DuMont Big Herbal Encyclopedia. Over 1000 herbs. 2nd edition. DuMont, Cologne 1998, ISBN 3-7701-4607-7.
• Dankwart Seidel: Flowers of the Mediterranean. Fail to determine the 3 -Check. BLV, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-405-16294-7.
• Robert W. Kiger: Glaucium. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee ( eds.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 3: Magnoliidae and Hamamelidae, Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford et al 1997, ISBN 0-19-511246-6. (online at efloras.org. (English ) )