Gracillariidae

Caloptilia cuculipennella

The leaf miners or leaf bag moths ( Gracillariidae ) are a family of butterflies (Lepidoptera ).

4.1 Notes and references
4.2 Literature

Features

Leafminers are small to very small moth with a well-developed proboscis and long antennae, flying mainly at dusk. In the rest position of the front body is usually raised. The wings of the animals are narrow and often have long fringe.

The caterpillars of the leaf miners are mostly very flat and have forward -looking mandibles. The majority of the caterpillars as a leaf miners thrives in leaves. The caterpillars of the first larval stages usually have mandibles that allow a piercing and sucking of cells; then change in the later larval stages. This allows larvae of different ages very different look ( Polymetabolie ). The earliest larval stages live in many species in rolled leaves and chew on the inner sides.

Harmful effect

Many of the leafminer species specialize on a single host plant. To harmful effect of a special kind at the ordinary horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) in Europe see horse chestnut leaf miner ( Cameraria ohridella ).

System

The family includes about 1000 species, of which about 100 are also common in Central Europe around the world. Within the leafminer three subfamilies are distinguished:

True leafminer ( Gracilariinae )
Leaf bag moths ( Lithocolletinae )
Phyllocnistinae

In Europe, the family of the leafminer includes over 230 species, the subfamily of the leaf and bag moths provides with 138 species, the most species-rich subfamily dar.

In Germany known leafminer about the maple moth ( Caloptilia rufipennella ), the azaleas moth ( Caloptilia azaleella ), the oak bark leafminer ( Spulerina simploniella ), the lilac moth ( Gracillaria syring ella ), the horse chestnut leaf miner ( Cameraria ohridella ) and often found to Book Phyllonorycter are maestingella.

The following table presents information represented in Central Europe genera and species within the three subfamilies:

True leafminer ( Gracillariinae )

Acrocercops Acrocercops brongniardella ( Fabricius, 1798)

Aristaea pavoniella ( ZELLER, 1847)

Aspilapteryx Limosella ( DUPONCHEL, 1844)
Aspilapteryx spectabilis HUEMER, 1994
Aspilapteryx tringipennella ( ZELLER, 1839)

Callisto coffeella ( Zetterstedt, 1839)
Callisto denticulella ( Thunberg, 1794)
Callisto insperatella ( Nickerl, 1864)

Caloptilia alchimiella ( Scopoli, 1763)
Caloptilia azaleella ( BRANTS, 1913)
Caloptilia betulicola (M. Hering, 1928)
Caloptilia cuculipennella ( Hübner, 1796)
Caloptilia elongella ( Linnaeus, 1761 )
Caloptilia falconipennella ' ( Hübner, 1813)
Caloptilia Fidella ( Reutti, 1853)
Caloptilia fribergensis ( Fritzsche, 1871)
Caloptilia hauderi ( REBEL, 1906)
Caloptilia hemidactylella ( DENIS & SCHIFFERSTADT MÜLLER, 1775)
Caloptilia honoratella ( REBEL, 1914)
Caloptilia populetorum ( ZELLER, 1839)
Caloptilia rhodinella ( Herrich - Schäffer, 1855)
Caloptilia robust ella Jaeckh, 1972
Caloptilia roscipennella ( Hübner, 1796)
Caloptilia rufipennella ( Hübner, 1796)
Caloptilia semifascia ( HAWORTH, 1828)
Caloptilia Stigmatella ( Fabricius, 1781)
Caloptilia suberinella ( Tengström, 1848)

Calybites phasianipennella ( Hübner, 1813)
Calybites quadrisignella ( ZELLER, 1839)

Dialectica imperial ella ( ZELLER, 1847)
Dialectica scalariella ( ZELLER, 1850)
Dialectica soffneri GREGOR & Povolný, 1965

Eucalybites auroguttella ( STEPHENS, 1835)

Gracillaria loriolella FREY, 1881
Gracillaria syring ella ( Fabricius, 1794)

Leucospilapteryx omissella ( STAINTON, 1848)

Micrurapteryx gradatella ( Herrich - Schäffer, 1855)
Micrurapteryx kollariella ( ZELLER, 1839)

Ornixola caudulatella ( ZELLER, 1839)

Parectopa ononidis ( ZELLER, 1839)
Locust leafminer ( Parectopa robiniella CLEMENS, 1863)

Parornix alpicola ( Wocke, 1877)
Parornix anglicella ( STAINTON, 1850)
Parornix anguliferella ( ZELLER, 1847)
Parornix atripalpella WAHLSTRÖM, 1979
Parornix betulae ( STAINTON, 1854)
Parornix Carpinella ( FREY, 1863)
Parornix devoniella ( STAINTON, 1850)
Parornix eppelsheimi ( FOX, 1901)
Parornix fagivora ( FREY, 1861)
Parornix finitimella ( ZELLER, 1850)
Parornix ornatella TRIBERTI, 1981
Parornix petiolella ( FREY, 1863)
Parornix pfaffenzelleri ( FREY, 1856)
Parornix scoticella ( STAINTON, 1850)
Parornix szoecsi ( GOZMÁNY, 1952)
Parornix tenella ( REBEL, 1919)
Parornix torquillella ( ZELLER, 1850)

Povolnya leucapennella ( STEPHENS, 1835)

Sauterina hofmanniella ( Schleich, 1867)

Spulerina simploniella ( FISCHER V. RÖSLERSTAMM, 1840)

Leaf bag moths ( Lithocolletinae )

Cameraria Cameraria ohridella Deschka & DIMIC, 1986

Phyllonorycter abrasella ( DUPONCHEL, 1843)
Phyllonorycter acaciella ( DUPONCHEL, 1843)
Phyllonorycter acerifoliella ( ZELLER, 1839)
Phyllonorycter aemula TRIBERTI, Deschka & HUEMER, 1997
Phyllonorycter agile ella ( ZELLER, 1846)
Phyllonorycter alpina ( FREY, 1856)
Phyllonorycter anderidae (W. FLETCHER, 1875)
Phyllonorycter apparella ( Herrich - Schäffer, 1855)
Phyllonorycter blancardella ( Fabricius, 1781)
Phyllonorycter Cavella ( ZELLER, 1846)
Phyllonorycter cerasinella ( Reutti, 1852)
Phyllonorycter comparella ( DUPONCHEL, 1843)
Phyllonorycter connex ella ( ZELLER, 1846)
Phyllonorycter coryli ( Nicelli, 1851)
Phyllonorycter corylifoliella ( Hübner, 1796)
Phyllonorycter cydoniella ( DENIS & SCHIFFERSTADT MÜLLER, 1775)
Phyllonorycter delitella ( DUPONCHEL, 1844)
Phyllonorycter distentella ( ZELLER, 1846)
Phyllonorycter dubitella ( Herrich - Schäffer, 1855)
Phyllonorycter emberizaepennella ( BOUCHÉ, 1834)
Phyllonorycter ella esper ( Goeze, 1783)
Phyllonorycter fraxinella ( ZELLER, 1846)
Phyllonorycter froelichiella ( ZELLER, 1839)
Phyllonorycter geniculella ( Ragonot, 1874)
Phyllonorycter gerasimovi (M. Hering, 1930)
Phyllonorycter harris ella ( Linnaeus, 1761 )
Phyllonorycter heegeriella ( ZELLER, 1846)
Phyllonorycter helianthemella ( Herrich - Schäffer, 1861)
Phyllonorycter hilarella ( Zetterstedt, 1839)
Phyllonorycter ilicifoliella ( DUPONCHEL, 1843)
Phyllonorycter insignitella ( ZELLER, 1846)
Phyllonorycter issikii ( Kumata, 1963)
Phyllonorycter junoniella ( ZELLER, 1846)
Phyllonorycter Kleemann ella ( Fabricius, 1781)
Phyllonorycter lantanella ( CLOSET, 1802)
Phyllonorycter loud ella ( ZELLER, 1846)
Phyllonorycter leucographella ( ZELLER, 1850)
Phyllonorycter maestingella ( MÜLLER, 1764 )
Phyllonorycter mannii ( ZELLER, 1846)
Phyllonorycter medicaginella ( GERASIMOV, 1930)
Phyllonorycter mespilella ( Hübner, 1805)
Phyllonorycter messaniella ( ZELLER, 1846)
Phyllonorycter millierella ( Staudinger, 1871)
Phyllonorycter monspessulanella ( FOX, 1897)
Phyllonorycter muelleriella ( ZELLER, 1839)
Phyllonorycter nicellii ( STAINTON, 1851)
Phyllonorycter nigrescentella ( LOGAN, 1851)
Phyllonorycter oxyacanthae ( FREY, 1856)
Phyllonorycter parisiella ( Wocke, 1848)
Phyllonorycter pastorella ( ZELLER, 1846)
Phyllonorycter platani ( Staudinger, 1870)
Phyllonorycter platanoidella ( JOANNIS, 1920)
Phyllonorycter populifoliella ( Treitschke, 1833)
Phyllonorycter pseudoplataniella ( Ragonot, 1874)
Phyllonorycter quercifoliella ( ZELLER, 1839)
Phyllonorycter quinqueguttella ( STAINTON, 1851)
Phyllonorycter rajella ( Linnaeus, 1758)
Phyllonorycter robiniella ( CLEMENS, 1859)
Phyllonorycter roboris ( ZELLER, 1839)
Phyllonorycter sagitella ( BJERKANDER, 1790)
Phyllonorycter salicicolella ( SIRCOM, 1848)
Phyllonorycter salictella ( ZELLER, 1846)
Phyllonorycter saportella ( DUPONCHEL, 1840)
Phyllonorycter scabiosella ( DOUGLAS, 1853)
Phyllonorycter Schreber ella ( Fabricius, 1781)
Phyllonorycter scitulella ( DUPONCHEL, 1843)
Phyllonorycter scopariella ( ZELLER, 1846)
Phyllonorycter Sorbian ( FREY, 1855)
Phyllonorycter spinicolella ( ZELLER, 1846)
Phyllonorycter staintoniella ( Nicelli, 1853)
Phyllonorycter stettinensis ( Nicelli, 1852)
Phyllonorycter strigulatella ( Lienig & ZELLER, 1846)
Phyllonorycter tenerella ( JOANNIS, 1915)
Phyllonorycter trifasciella ( HAWORTH, 1828)
Phyllonorycter tristrigella ( HAWORTH, 1828)
Phyllonorycter ulmifoliella ( Hübner, 1817)
Phyllonorycter viminetorum ( STAINTON, 1854)

Phyllocnistinae

Phyllocnistis Phyllocnistis labyrinth ella ( BJERKANDER, 1790)
Phyllocnistis saligna ( ZELLER, 1839)
Phyllocnistis unipunctella ( STEPHENS, 1834)
Phyllocnistis vitegenella, American leafminer
Phyllocnistis xenia M. HERRING, 1936

Swell

Glossata Gracillarioidea Mandible (insect mouthpart) Beech Gracillaria syringella Macrosaccus robiniella

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