Grammatical mood
The mode ( also: statement way ) is a Konjugationsparameter or a grammatical category of the verb. Through the subjective opinion of the speaker modes to predicate is expressed.
Use in the German
Existing modes
German verbs can occur in three modes:
- Indicative ( form of reality ), in turn, six tenses, forming a micro paradigm: present, past, perfect, pluperfect, future tense and future tense II
- Conjunctive ( subjunctive ), in two tenses, which form two micro paradigms: subjunctive subjunctive I and II
- Imperative ( command form).
- Uncommon to rare cases of the infinitive (base form) is incorrectly referred to as mode; However, the infinitive of many linguists rather than mode, but as an independent verb form is considered (eg comparable to the participles ).
Sample sentences
As an example, among others, the sentence He runs down the street. set in the different modes and explained.
Example of the indicative:
- He runs down the street. ( The action takes place in the present indicative. )
In comparison, an example of the subjunctive I:
- I thought he might be in the street. ( It would have been possible, but I was wrong well. )
- Anna called and said she was sick. ( I have not investigated, but it must be true. )
In the subjunctive II states:
- He would run down the street, if it were necessary. ( It is not necessary)
- The scammer says it again, he would have inherited a fortune would not have gone bankrupt his uncle. ( But Did not )
The imperative is:
- Run ( s) along the road! ( A call to another person. )
Use in other languages
The conditional (condition form) is not considered in the German as a separate mode in the Romance languages , however, very well.
Most commonly, the indicative mood is used in German, but also the subjunctive has many uses, such as for playback of indirect speech, which often occurs, especially in news texts and reports. Also, the infinitive is the German frequent use, such as in verbal constructs such as " You can go now " or as a substitute for the imperative ( " Do not lean out of the window !").
Subjunctive is in English as a synonym for the subjunctive and in other languages as the main name for the mode corresponding to the subjunctive used (eg English: The subjunctive, subjunctive mode / mood; Spanish: Subjunctive; French: Subjonctif ). The use of procedures may be different to that of the German subjunctive.
In other languages, there are some other modes, such as the jussive (for example in Persian ), the Energikus (for example, in Arabic ), the optative of the Ancient Greek, Turkish and Finnish is typical. Further modes are the conditional ( for example in Romance languages to express a possible reality ), the Suppositiv to express possibility (Turkish), the Renarrativ (for example in Bulgarian for reproducing information from second hand) or conclusive ( in Bulgarian for logical conclusions).
Alternative modes of expression
The semantic category of modality must not be expressed solely by this or the verb. Modal settings including through modal verbs (want, can, may, must, might, should) or by Satzadverbien (probably, maybe ) are expressed.