Graz School
The name Graz School refers to a group of philosophers and psychologists who were interested in experimental psychology, theory of objects and Gestalt theory. The school was founded and led by Alexius Meinong, which Professor at the University of Graz was where he founded the Graz psychological institute in 1894.
The school took the Franz Brentano, a former teacher of Meinong, excited view that philosophy is to operate with the method of the natural sciences. Therefore, the realistic ( and experimental ) was philosophical and psychological orientation of the Graz School.
Theories
The Graz School of Meinong developed, in contrast to the Berlin School of butt, a " production theory " of the figures. According to Meinong pupils figures would not be given spontaneously, but are "produced" by the subject. Because of ( existing ) sense impressions would by certain mental processes ( subsistent ) objects of higher order are produced: the figures. (Smith, 1994, chap. 10.3)
It was mainly Vittorio Benussi, who worked out the theory of production based on very detailed experimental investigations. He focused mainly on the phenomenon of shape change in optical illusions (eg the Müller- Lyer illusion ). Benussi had a major influence on the development of the Italian school of Gestalt psychology (eg Cesare Musatti, Fabio Metelli and Gaetano Kanizsa. ) ( Albertazzi, 2001)
Members
Under Meinong's pupil in the district of Graz School are Stephan Witasek, Vittorio Benussi, Rudolf Ameseder, Konrad Zindler, Maria Wilhelm Frankl, Eduard Martinak, Ernst Mally and Franz Weber.
His former students of Christian honor rock ( mastermind of Gestalt psychology ), Alois Höfler, Ferdinand Weinhandl ( the founder of the philosophical shape analysis) and Anton Oelzelt - Newin, can also be regarded as members of the school.
In the 1950s and 1960s, the Austrian musicologist, philosopher and critic Harald Kaufmann turned (1927 - 1970), who holds a doctorate in Graz with wine Handl, at its formative analytical methods to the musical analysis.