Habranthus
Habranthus tubispathus
The Habranthus, as well as related genera rain lilies called, are a genus of flowering plants in the family Amaryllidaceae family ( Amaryllidaceae ). The genus name Habranthus is composed of the ancient Greek words ἀβρος habros for " soft", " tender ", "pleasant" or " petite " and ἄνθος anthos for " flower " or "flower".
Description
Habranthus species are deciduous, perennial herbaceous plants. These geophytes form oval to spherical onions from black to brown wrapper ( " Tunic " ) as outlasting. The basal, erect or bent- deciduous leaves are simple, flat, linear, sessile, smooth and rarely exceed the width of 2 cm. The leaf bases overlap.
Usually only one or rarely up to four flowers are in a doldigen inflorescence with a single, röhrigem at its base husk together on a long, hollow inflorescence stem. Sometimes also cover sheets are available. The nodding to more or less upright, hermaphroditic, slightly zygomorphic, threefold flowers are trumpet-shaped and have a diameter of 2-8 cm. The six almost identical design, fused only at their base bloom ( tepals ) are mostly white. There are two circles, each with three curved, fertile stamens present; they are longer than the flower tube. The four different lengths having (main distinguishing feature of the two related genera ) stamens are short intertwine with the bloom cladding and partially with each other. Three carpels are fused into one inferior ovary, which contains many ovules. The thin style ends in a dreiästigen scar.
There are usually formed nearly spherical to more or less egg-shaped, insulated draft tube, thin-walled capsule fruits that contain many seeds. The dark - brown to black, shiny seeds are flat, D -shaped and cross- winged.
Dissemination
Habranthus species are native to the New World. There are areas in the southeastern and south central United States (two species), Mexico ( five types ), and mainly in South America. Some species are invasive plants in subtropical and tropical countries outside of the New World.
There are some varieties that are used as ornamental plants in parks and gardens.
System
Sometimes the trivial name rain lily is used for this genus. But this is also the common name of the closely related genera Zephyranthes Herb. and Cooperia Herb.; we will use this name so for all genera of the subtribe Zephyranthinea. The genus belongs to the subtribe Habranthus Zephyranthinea in the tribe Hippeastreae within the family of the Amaryllis family ( Amaryllidaceae ).
The genus Habranthus was erected in 1837 by William Herbert.
A synonym for Habranthus Herb. is Zephyranthella ( Pax ) Pax.
Types (selection)
There are about 25 to 35 Habranthus types:
- Habranthus andersonii Herb. ex Lindl.
- Habranthus brachyandrus ( Baker) Sealy
- Habranthus caeruleus ( Griseb. ) Traub
- Habranthus cardenasianus Traub & individual section Nelson
- Habranthus cardinalis ( C.H.Wright ) Sealy
- Habranthus Estensis Ravenna
- Habranthus gracilifolius Herb.
- Habranthus howardii ( Traub ) T.M. Howard
- Habranthus itaobinus Ravenna
- Habranthus jamesonii ( Baker) Ravenna
- Habranthus longipes ( Baker) Sealy
- Habranthus martinezii Ravenna
- Habranthus pedunculosus Herb.
- Habranthus robustus Herbert ex Sweet
- Habranthus roseus Sweet
- Habranthus ruber Ravenna
- Habranthus sanavirone Roitman, JACastillo, G.Tourn & Uria
- Habranthus sylvaticus ( Mart. ex Schult & Schult. F ) Herb.
- Habranthus tubispathus (L' Héritier ) Traub
- Habranthus × floryi: Hybrid of H. robustus × H. brachyandrus.
Earlier in this genus unclassified type:
- Habranthus bifidus Herb. ⇒ Hippeastrum bifidum ( Herb. ) Baker
Swell
- Raymond O. Flagg, Gerald L. Smith & Walter S. Flory: Habranthus in the Flora of North America, Volume 26, p 296: Online.
- A.W. Meerow, M. F. Fay, C. L. Guy, Q.B. Li, F.Q. Zaman & M. W. Chase: Systematic of Amaryllidaceae based on cladistic analysis of plastid rbcL and TML F sewuences of data. in American Journal of Botany, 86, 1999, pp. 1325-1345.