Hedychium

Hedychium gardnerianum

Hedychium is a genus of plants belonging to the family of the ginger family ( Zingiberaceae ) is one and includes about 50 species. Some species are used in tropical parks and gardens as ornamental plants.

• 4.1 Notes and references

Description

Habit and foliage leaves

Hedychium species grow as an evergreen, perennial herbaceous plants. They are fleshy, tuberous thickened rhizomes. They grow mostly terrestrial, rarely epiphytic. Are formed pseudostems are formed by the leaf sheaths of the leaves and reach stature heights of 1 to 3 m.

The alternate and distichous ( distich ) arranged leaves are never united to undergraduate rosettes. The leaves have a leaf sheath and a simple, herbaceous leaf blade. Knospigen stage in the lamina is rolled up lengthwise. There is a raised central rib and Parallelnervatur available. The leaf margin is smooth. There are conspicuous ligules present.

Inflorescences and flowers

Terminally to the bill strains the peg- like, aged men inflorescences are formed, the only one to six ( more ) flowers usually contain 4 to 6 ( 2.5 to 7 ) cm long bracts and small -tube, covered by the bracts bracts.

The hermaphrodite flowers are triple and double perianth zygomorphic with. The three sepals are fused together into a relatively narrow, cylindrical tube that is open on one side, and above is tridentate or -lobed. The three petals are fused at their base to a long, narrow tube with three lineal Corolla lobe, which are bent back after flowering. Of the original six stamens is only the central stamen of the inner circle is fertile; usually it has a relatively long, lineal stamens. All other stamens are transformed into staminodes. The mean Staminodium the outer circle still missing. The two lateral staminodes of the outer circle are kronblattähnlich and larger than the Corolla lobe. The two lateral staminodes of the inner circle are fused to a so-called labellum; it represents the most conspicuous part of the flower and is semi-circular and in the end usually bilobed. Three carpels are fused into one under constant ( syncarp ) dreikammerigen ovary. In a rut of the stamen is the very thin stylus and the scar is located above the dust bag. The individual flowers wither quickly, usually they are open less than a day.

Fruits, seeds, and chromosome number

They form dreifächerige, spherical capsule fruits that contain many seeds. The seeds have a mostly fringed aril.

The chromosome number is n = 17

Others

Hedychium gardnerianum was brought as an ornamental plant on the Azores island of São Miguel and spreads very strong there from, it is viewed more as a weed. In some cases it represents even a threat to native plants ( Gagel tree, laurel - juniper forest ) dar.

The White Ginger, which was introduced during the time of slavery, is also known in Brazil as an aggressive, invasive plant. The White ginger ( Hedychium coronarium ) is the national flower of Cuba and known there as "Flor de Mariposa " (Butterfly Flower).

Systematics and distribution

It is widespread in tropical to warm temperate southern Asia and Southeast Asia (Himalayas ), also in Africa ( Madagascar). In China alone, there are 28 species, of which 18 are just there.

The first publication of the genus in 1783 by Johann Gerhard König in Retzius, Observ. Bot 3, 73-74. The botanical genus name Hedychium goes back to Greek hedys for " sweet, pleasant ," meaning the scent of the flowers is meant; the second part of word is derived from the Greek often chion ( "snow", with reference to the white flowers of a kind). However, this is disputed by parts of the professional world. The species of the genus earlier Brachychilum ( R.Br. ex Wall. ) Petersen are included here today.

There are about 50 species (selection):

• Hedychium aurantiacum A.Wall ex Roscoe
• Hedychium bijiangense T.L.Wu & S.J.Chen
• Hedychium bipartitum G.Z.Li
• Hedychium brevicaule D.Fang
• Hedychium chrysoleucum: With white flowers.
• Hedychium coccineum Buch.-Ham. ex Sm: With red or orange flowers; Home: Himalayan
• Hedychium convexum S.Q.Tong
• Butterfly lily ( Hedychium coronarium J.Koenig ): With white flowers; Home: India, Himalayas, Sri Lanka, Malay Archipelago
• Hedychium densiflorum Wall. ; Home: Himalayas, Assam, China, Tibet
• Hedychium efilamentosum Handel-Mazzetti
• Hedychium elatum R.Br.
• Hedychium ellipticum Sm; Home: Himalaya (India: Uttar Pradesh to Bhutan), Assam, Myanmar, Vietnam
• Hedychium flavescens Carey ex Roscoe: With white flowers; Eastern Himalayas, Assam, West China, Vietnam
• Hedychium flavum Roxb: With yellow flowers; . Home: Himalayan
• Hedychium forrestii Diels: History: China, Indochina
• Butterfly ginger or Kahiliingwer ( Hedychium gardnerianum Sheppard ex Ker Gawl. ): With yellow flowers; Home: Nepal, Sikkim, eastern Himalayas
• Hedychium glabrum S.Q.Tong
• Scarlet Ginger ( Hedychium greenei W.W.Sm. ); Home: eastern Himalayas, Assam
• Hedychium horsfieldii ex R. Br Wall. ; Home: Java
• Hedychium kwangsiense T.L.Wu & S.J.Chen
• Hedychium longicornutum handle. ex Baker
• Hedychium maximum: With white flowers.
• Hedychium menglianenseY.Y.Qian: Only in Yunnan.
• Hedychium neocarneum TLWu include: It is endemic to forests in Simao Xian at altitudes 1600-1900 meters in southern Yunnan.
• Hedychium nutantiflorum H.Dong & GJXu in H.Dong include: It is endemic to forests in Yuan Yang Xian at altitudes 1600-1800 meters in southern Yunnan.
• Hedychium parvibracteatum T.L.Wu & S.J.Chen
• Hedychium pauciflorum S.Q.Tong
• Hedychium peregrinum N.E.Br.: Only in Madagascar.
• Hedychium philippinense K.Schum.
• Hedychium puerense YYQian: Thrives in forests at altitudes 1300-1600 meters in southern Yunnan.
• Hedychium qingchengense Z.Y.Zhu
• Hedychium simaoense YYQian: It is endemic to forests in Simao Xian at altitudes of about 1400 meters in the southern Yunnan.
• Hedychium sinoaureum Stapf
• Hedychium speciosum Wall. With yellow flowers; Home: Himalayan
• Ähriger butterfly ginger ( Hedychium spicatum Sm ): With white flowers; Home: Himalayan
• Hedychium tengchongense Y.B.Luo
• Hedychium thyrsiforme Sm; Home: Himalayas, Assam, Bangladesh, Myanmar
• Hedychium tienlinense D.Fang
• Hedychium venustum Wight
• Hedychium villosum A.Wall ex Roxb. ; Home: Himalayas, Assam, Indochina, Malay Peninsula, China
• Hedychium ximengense Y.Y.Qian
• Hedychium yungjiangense S.Q.Tong
• Hedychium yunnanense Gagnepain

Swell

• Delin Wu, Kai Larsen: Zingiberaceae. In: Flora of China. Volume 24, p 370: Hedychium - Online.
• Alan T. Whittemore: Zingiberaceae. In: Flora of North America. Volume 22: Hedychium - Online.
• Walter Erhardt et al: The big walleye. Encyclopedia of plant names. Volume 2 Eugen Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7.