Heliothis maritima
Warnecke moorland Sonneneule ( Heliothis maritima )
Warnecke moorland Sonneneule ( Heliothis maritima ) is a butterfly (moth ) from the family of cutworms ( Noctuidae ). The German name honors the Hamburg district court director and entomologist Georg Warnecke.
- 6.1 Notes and references
- 6.2 Literature
Features
The wingspan of the moth is about 28 to 32 millimeters. In the nominate ssp. maritima, ( Graslin, 1855) vary the drawing elements on the front wings of moderate contrast to washed out with green ribbons on a light beige - greenish color to on an almost rust-red color ( ex. ferruginea winder, 1907). The rust-red color extends to the hind wings and abdomen. The ssp. warneckei ( Boursin, 1963) are the drawing elements contrast, the base color is beige - greenish, reddish elements are missing. The drawing consists of dark green and black napkins, a clearly visible kidney blemish and a different strong black Überstäubung. The dark shadow agent is inclined toward the trailing edge. Near the apex of a wedge of dark spot can be seen. Click on the yellow hind wings there is a large black Diskalfleck and a broad dark seam band, which has a yellow spot directly at the hem. The fringes are colored light yellow.
Similar Species
- The carding - Sonneneule ( Heliothis viriplaca ) is characterized by the almost straight tapering to the rear edge binding means, the extensive scale on the inner edge means shadow and the slightly wider front wings. A reliable differentiation is possible through an examination of the genital tract.
Geographical distribution and habitat
The distribution area of Warnecke moorland Sonneneule is disjoint. The ssp. maritima occurs in the coastal areas of south-western France, the ssp. warneckei in southern England ( Hampshire, Dorset and Surrey ) and from the Belgian-French border area along the North Sea coast to Denmark. In the literature, very different complex details can be found. Do you explain the fact that Central and Eastern European domestic populations. Fibiger of et al (2009) will be provided to Heliothis adaucta were earlier expected to Heliothis maritima.
The species occurs mainly in the dunes, heathland and salt marshes in coastal areas or in Pleistocene sandy areas further inland before.
Way of life
The type is in the South two generations per year, the butterflies fly in May and June and in July and August. In the UK and in North West Germany and Denmark, however, only one generation is formed, fly the butterfly from July to August. The moths are diurnal and nocturnal, flying in the hot sunshine and visit flowers. At night they come to artificial light sources. The caterpillars feed preferentially on the flowers and seeds of various plants. These include dandruff Mieren ( Spergularia spp.), Heather ( Calluna vulgaris ), various types of heather (Erica spp.), Beach aster ( Tripolium pannonicum ), Limonium leptostachyum and bog asphodel ( Narthecium ossifragum ). For England called Ian Kimber bell heather ( Erica tetralix ) and heather ( Calluna ). The species overwinters as a pupa.
Endangering
The species is on the Red List of endangered species of the Federal Republic of Germany in the category 1 ( threatened with extinction ) or M ( Irrgast ) out. In the Netherlands, has been observed since 1990, a sharp decline in population.
Systematics and Taxonomy
The species is of Fibiger et al. (2009) divided into two subspecies:
- Heliothis maritima maritima de Graslin, 1855, limited to southwestern France, base color is lighter, is often reddish, drawing not as full of contrasts, often washed out, front wings a little wider, apex not acuminate
- Heliothis maritima warneckei ( Boursin, 1963), southern England, North Sea coast from the French-Belgian border area to Denmark, forewing slightly slimmer, apex acuminate something more, drawing drawn mostly contrast, often slightly darker on the hind wings, the black drawing elements are larger and sharper.
The subspecies Heliothis maritima Bulgarica Draudt, 1938, H. maritima centralasiae Draudt, 1938 and H. maritima angarensis Draudt, 1938 by Fibiger et al. (2009) Heliothis adaucta Butler, assigned in 1878 and united with the Nominatunterart.