Hermitage (religious retreat)

A Hermitage, Hermitage or Hermitage (French hermitage [ ɛʁmitaʒ ] ), sometimes called Hermitage, is a place of contemplation. Hermits who may be clergy or lay, lead in solitary hermitages and chapels a retired life of prayer.

Historical Development

The hermits belongs in Christianity among the oldest forms of consecrated life and is also the earliest form of Christian monasticism in Europe. The first hermits lived here in remote places, such as caves or castles. The hl. Anthony founded during the Diocletian persecution of Christians, the first communities of Christian anchorites, more or less loose associations of hermits living separately. In contrast, by the initiative of hl, Pachomius of a younger Egyptian hermit to 320-325 arose the first Christian monasteries where the monks lived and worked together. A kind of hybrid are the monasteries of the Carthusian in which join together the cells of many hermit a joint plant. Many monasteries halberemitisch living orders such as the Discalced Carmelite Nuns have a hermitage on the monastery grounds.

Hermitages are also still inhabited by hermits, for example, the 2001 hermitage dedicated to Our Lady of the Enclosed Garden in Warfhuizen (Netherlands), the northernmost place of pilgrimage in Europe. The hermitage Klus Eddessen, located at Borgentreich in a circle Hoexter. Known In Switzerland, the Hermitage St. Verena 's Verena gorge near Solothurn. In the Roman Catholic Church is one of the hermits and approved by the Church forms of consecrated life. After the Second Vatican Council and the consequent revision of canon law, the Church has taken the form of life of the diocesan hermit, who is subordinate to the local bishop, in canon law.

A special Hermitage, once north of the Alps reputation among experts as is the " Felseneremitage " in the local church Bretz Home on the Nahe, a well- formed already in prehistoric times and hewn entirely out of the rock of worship, which underwent a rededication in early Christian times. An early church is first mentioned in 1043. The still accessible apartment ( 90 sqm) in the rock was temporarily home to several hermits or convention of a rock monastery. Between 1716 and 1827 the hermits lived there who had re-established here after a long vacancy, a widely known beyond the borders of pilgrimage. The last hermit died in 1827 after 51 years eremitical life at the age of 82 years.

Courtly Art Garden

In the 16th century the Hermitage for the courtly art of gardening was discovered and changed in such a case the place of worldly consciousness. Since the 18th century hermitages were mostly used only as a visual design elements. A phenomenon of the 18th and early 19th century were the jewelry hermit commercial " hermit " who lived during a stipulated period in the specially set up for them hermitages and could be seen at certain times of day, to the owners of the park and their guests with their to maintain sight.

Thus, the step from the place of spiritual rest was done about the park to the amusement park. In English landscape gardens - such as the scale in the 18th century Woerlitzer park or the mountain park William height ( Kassel) - created artificial caves and waterfalls, they built artificial ruins and Roman temples, Moorish courtyards, Chinese pagodas, huts and many other unusual follies.

1775 Catherine II was the foundation for a small hermitage built next to the Winter Palace to retire for a prayer service. The later later the St. Petersburg Hermitage Museum, however, is no hermitage, but a painting exhibition.

The 1796 built and temporarily ruined hermitage at Potsdamer Jungfernsee was rebuilt in 2007. 1877 King Ludwig II in Ettal Linderhof Palace, the Hermitage of Gurnemanz build upon a stage set from Richard Wagner's opera Parsifal, which fell into disrepair and has since been reconstructed in the park.

Civil Hermitage

Rare Civil hermitages were created. Most were the originators of the educated middle class. As the only remaining hermit cottage applies the Hermitage was built in 1760 by the theologian Johann Theodor Kiinneth in Creußen.

Known hermitages

Various other systems now carry the name Hermitage, but are no longer inhabited by hermits:

Germany

  • Hermitage Museum in Bayreuth
  • Hermitage in Bretz Home
  • Hermitage in Lindlar
  • Magdalenenklause in the park of Nymphenburg Palace in Munich
  • Hermitage Maria stimulus Born in Riesweiler
  • Sanctuary Hermitage near Siegen
  • Hermitage at Waghaeusel

More

  • Hermitage Blace (Croatia )
  • Hermitage in Arlesheim ( Switzerland )
Verena Gorge Hermitage Rastatt Nature park Bretzenheim
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