Herniaria

Bald rupturewort ( Herniaria glabra)

The fracture herbs ( Herniaria ) are a genus within the family of the Pink Family ( Caryophyllaceae ). The 30 to 45 species are widespread in Europe and from the Mediterranean to West and Central Asia.

• 4.1 Notes and references

Origin of the name

The trivial name rupturewort comes from the earlier use as a medicine in the abdomen breaks out. Because of its diuretic effect, they were also called Harnkräuter.

Description

Vegetative characteristics

In rupturewort species is annual to perennial herbaceous plants. The highly branched stems grow flat along the bottom. The growth of the stem and leaves is quite characteristic for most species: The actually against permanent leaves are rotated so that they sit at the both sides of the stem, so that a seemingly two-line blade position is established. Of the two opposing sheets is greatly reduced alternately on each side of each of a stem. In the armpit of this reduced leaf forms a side shoot. Stipules are present.

Generative features

The sessile flowers sit collectively in hanks in the axils of reduced leaves. The tiny, inconspicuous and greenish flowers are usually four or fünfzählig double perianth. The most five greenish or whitish sepals are 0.5 to 1.5 mm in size. The five petals are usually tiny and often missing. There are (rarely two to ) is generally four to five fertile stamens and five staminodes present. The two filamentary stylus are 0.1 to 0.4 mm long.

They are single-seeded nut fruits. The shiny, smooth seeds are dark brown or black.

Systematics and distribution

The genus belongs to the tribe Herniaria Paronychieae in the subfamily within the family Caryophyllaceae Paronychioideae and was formerly classified in the family Illecebraceae.

The 30 to 45 rupturewort species ( Herniaria ) are naturally distributed in the Mediterranean and the temperate regions of western and central Asia and Europe to Scandinavia. Some species are neophytes in the temperate areas of the world.

Here occurring only or also in Europe and in the Mediterranean species:

• Herniaria acrochaeta ( Bornm. ) Chaudhri
• Herniaria algarvica Chaudhri
• Alpine rupturewort ( Herniaria alpina Chaix ): It occurs only in the Alps and the Pyrenees.
• Herniaria arabica Hand. - Mazz.
• Herniaria argaea Boiss.
• Herniaria baetica Boiss. & Reut.
• Herniaria boissieri J.Gay
• Herniaria bornmuelleri Chaudhri
• Herniaria canariensis Chaudhri
• Herniaria caucasica Rupr. It occurs in Southwest Asia, Kazakhstan, Russia, Mongolia and Xinjiang.
• Herniaria ciliolata Melderis
• Herniaria cyrenaica F.Herm.
• Herniaria degenii ( F.Herm. ) Chaudhri
• Herniaria ericifolia F.Towns.
• Herniaria fontanesii J.Gay
• Herniaria fruticosa L.
• Bald rupturewort ( Herniaria glabra L.): It occurs in Europe, Russia, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, in the Mongoliei, in the western Sichuan and northern Xinjiang.
• Herniaria hartungii Parl
• Herniaria hemistemon J.Gay
• Haired rupturewort ( Herniaria hirsuta L.)
• Grey rupturewort ( Herniaria incana Lam. ): It occurs in South and South-East Europe.
• Herniaria latifolia Lapeyr.
• Herniaria lenticulata Huds.
• Herniaria lusitanica Chaudhri
• Herniaria maritima link
• Herniaria mauritanica Murb.
• Herniaria micrantha A.K.Jacks. & Turrill
• Herniaria nigrimontium F.Herm.
• Herniaria olympica J.Gay
• Herniaria oranensis Chaudhri
• Herniaria orientalis F.Herm.
• Herniaria parnassica Boiss.
• Herniaria permixta cast.
• Herniaria pisidica Brummitt
• Herniaria polygama J.Gay: It comes in Eastern Europe (only in Poland, Ukraine and Moldova), Russia and Xinjiang.
• Herniaria pujosii Sauvage & Vindt
• Herniaria regnieri brown Blanq. & Maire
• Herniaria rhiphaea font cross-
• Herniaria saxatilis Brummitt
• Herniaria scabrida Boiss.

Swell

• John W. Thieret, Ronald L. Hartman, Richard K. Rabeler: Herniaria in Flora of Pakistan, Volume 5: Online.
• Lu Dequan & Michael G. Gilbert: Herniaria, pp. 3 - text Registered as printed work, in: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China, Volume 6 - Caryophyllaceae through Lardizabalaceae, Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2001. ISBN 1-930723-05-9 (Section Description and dissemination )