Hesperantha

Hesperantha coccinea varieties as an ornamental plant.

The Hesperantha are a genus of flowering plants in the family of Iris Family ( Iridaceae ). The genus contains about 79 to 82 species. The genus name is derived from the ancient Greek Hesperantha words ἑσπέρα Hespera for " evening " and ἄνθος anthos for " flower " or " flower " from, or " night flower", because in many species the flowers open in the evening.

Description

Hesperantha species grow as deciduous, perennial, herbaceous plants. These geophytes form small tubers, hard servings ( " Tunic ") as outlasting from; only Hesperantha coccinea forms instead of tubers rhizomes. Most types achieve maximum plant height 15 to 20 cm.

Leaves there are, depending on the rainy season of the home range in winter or summer. The undergraduate, upright to spreading deciduous leaves are simple, flat, and parallel-veined; the shape is variable. The leaf margin is smooth.

The terminal, aged men inflorescences are slim compact to. There are bracts present. It is striking that the flowers of all kinds are of relatively equal and look pretty much the same except for the color. The relatively small flowers are hermaphroditic, ternate, and usually radial symmetry to slightly zygomorphic. There are two circles, each with three usually 10 to 25 mm, rarely up to 37 mm long bloom cladding available that are almost the same shape in both circuits. The bloom are fused Roehrig. The free area of the bloom is star-shaped spread. The colors of the bracts range from white to cream to yellow and from red to pink and purple to blue, sometimes with darker drawings. It's just a circle with three fertile stamens present. Three carpels are fused into one inferior ovary. The stylus is divided above the Blütenhüllblattröhre in three long branches. In many species, the flowers open in the late afternoon or early evening (hence the botanical name ) and close at dawn, their bracts are white to cream colored and in many of the night flowering species of winter rainfall areas, the flowers smell strongly.

The dreifächerigen capsule fruits contain many seeds. The small seeds are light to dark brown.

Dissemination

Hesperantha species are native to Africa south of the Sahara. Their range extends from Namaqualand to the Eastern Cape, Natal and Transvaal. The center of diversity is in the Capensis, the territory of the North and the Western Cape. 42 species thrive in areas with winter rains and 37 species thrive in areas with summer rain. Four species are native to tropical Africa.

Through rich seed production and good seed results they tend to run wild and put in some areas of the world Invasive Plants dar.

System

The genus belongs to the tribe Hesperantha Croceae ( Syn: Ixieae ) in the subfamily Crocoideae within the family of Iris Family ( Iridaceae ). The first publication of the genus Hesperantha in 1805 by John Bellenden Ker Gawler in Annals of Botany, 1, 224 is a synonym for Hesperantha L.: Schizostylis Backh. & Harv ..

In Novon, Volume 6, No. 3, 1996 Goldblatt & Manning Schizostylis coccinea presented as Hesperantha coccinea in the genus Hesperantha; a monotypic genus Schizostylis could not be maintained.

The genus Hesperantha is divided into three sections ( Goldblatt 2003):

There are about 79 to 82 Hesperantha species:

  • Hesperantha acuta ( Licht. ex Roem. & Schult. ) Ker Gawl.
  • Hesperantha alborosea Hilliard & B.L.Burtt
  • Hesperantha altimontana Goldblatt
  • Hesperantha angusta ( Willd.) Ker Gawl.
  • Hesperantha bachmannii Baker
  • Hesperantha ballii Wild
  • Hesperantha baurii Baker
  • Hesperantha bifolia Baker
  • Hesperantha brevicaulis ( Baker) G.J.Lewis
  • Hesperantha brevifolia Goldblatt
  • Hesperantha brevistyla Goldblatt
  • Hesperantha bulbifera Baker
  • Hesperantha candida Baker
  • Hesperantha cedar montana gold leaf
  • Hesperantha ciliolata Goldblatt
  • Hesperantha cinnamomea ( L. f ) Ker Gawl.
  • Sumpfgladiole, Wassergladiole, kaffir lily or from the time when it was a monotypic genus: Red swamp gap stylus gap pen, swamp gap stylus ( Hesperantha coccinea ( Backh. & Harv ) Goldblatt & JCManning, Syn: .. Schizostylis coccinea Backh & Harv - Schizostylis = gap pen )
  • Hesperantha crocopsis Hilliard & B.L.Burtt
  • Hesperantha cucullata Klatt
  • Hesperantha curvula Hilliard & B.L.Burtt
  • Hesperantha debilis Goldblatt
  • Hesperantha decipiens Goldblatt
  • Hesperantha elsiae Goldblatt
  • Hesperantha erecta ( Baker) Benth. ex Baker
  • Hesperantha exiliflora Goldblatt
  • Hesperantha falcata ( L. f ) Ker Gawl.
  • Hesperantha fibrosa Baker
  • Hesperantha flava G.J.Lewis
  • Hesperantha flexuosa Klatt
  • Hesperantha glabrescens Goldblatt
  • Hesperantha glareosa Hilliard & B.L.Burtt
  • Hesperantha gracilis Baker
  • Hesperantha grandiflora G.J.Lewis
  • Hesperantha hantamensis Schltr. ex R.C.Foster
  • Hesperantha helmei Goldblatt & J.C.Manning
  • Hesperantha humilis Baker
  • Hesperantha hutchingsiae Hilliard & B.L.Burtt
  • Hesperantha huttonii ( Baker) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt
  • Hesperantha hygrophila Hilliard & B.L.Burtt
  • Hesperantha inconspicua ( Baker) Goldblatt
  • Hesperantha ingeliensis Hilliard & B.L.Burtt
  • Hesperantha juncifolia Goldblatt
  • Hesperantha karooica Goldblatt
  • Hesperantha lactea Baker
  • Hesperantha latifolia ( Klatt ) M.P.de Vos
  • Hesperantha leucantha Baker
  • Hesperantha lithicola J.C.Manning & Goldblatt
  • Hesperantha longicollis Baker
  • Hesperantha longistyla J.C.Manning & Goldblatt
  • Hesperantha longituba ( Klatt ) Baker
  • Hesperantha luticola Goldblatt
  • Hesperantha malvina Goldblatt
  • Hesperantha marlothii R.C.Foster
  • Hesperantha minima ( Baker) R.C.Foster
  • Hesperantha modesta Baker
  • Hesperantha montigena Goldblatt
  • Hesperantha muirii ( L.Bolus ) G.J.Lewis
  • Hesperantha namaquana Goldblatt
  • Hesperantha oligantha ( Diels ) Goldblatt
  • Hesperantha pallescens Goldblatt
  • Hesperantha pauciflora ( Baker) G.J.Lewis
  • Hesperantha petitiana ( A.Rich. ) Baker
  • Hesperantha pilosa ( L. F. ) Ker Gawl.
  • Hesperantha pseudopilosa Goldblatt
  • Hesperantha pubinervia Hilliard & B.L.Burtt
  • Hesperantha pulchra Baker
  • Hesperantha purpurea Goldblatt
  • Hesperantha quadrangula Goldblatt
  • Hesperantha radiata ( Jacq. ) Ker Gawl.
  • Hesperantha rivulicola Goldblatt
  • Hesperantha rupestris N.E.Br. ex R.C.Foster
  • Hesperantha rupicola Goldblatt
  • Hesperantha saldanhae Goldblatt
  • Hesperantha saxicola Goldblatt
  • Hesperantha schelpeana Hilliard & B.L.Burtt
  • Hesperantha schlechteri ( Baker) R.C.Foster
  • Hesperantha scopulosa Hilliard & B.L.Burtt
  • Hesperantha similis ( N.E.Br. ) R.C.Foster
  • Hesperantha spicata ( Burm. f ) N.E.Br.
  • Hesperantha stanfordiae L.Bolus
  • Hesperantha stenosiphon Goldblatt
  • Hesperantha sufflava Goldblatt
  • Hesperantha teretifolia Goldblatt
  • Hesperantha truncatula Goldblatt
  • Hesperantha umbricola Goldblatt
  • Hesperantha vaginata ( Sweet) Goldblatt
  • Hesperantha woodii Baker

Use

Some species are used as ornamental plants.

Swell

  • Peter Goldblatt: A synoptic review of the African genus Hesperantha ( Iridaceae: Crocoideae ). , Ann. . Missouri Bot Gard, 90, 2003, pp. 390-443: Online. (PDF; 498 kB)
  • J. Gathe: Hesperantha in the Western Australian Flora Online: description, 2008.
  • Peter Goldblatt, Ingrid Nänni, Peter Bernhardt & John C. Manning: Floral Biology Of Hesperantha ( Iridaceae: Crocoideae ): How Minor shifts in Floral Presentation Change The Pollination system. in ANN. MISSOURI BOT. . GARD, 91, 2004, pp. 186-206: Online. (PDF; 242 kB)
  • John C. Manning, Peter Goldblatt & D. Snijman. The color encyclopedia of Cape bulbs, Timber Press, USA, 2002.
  • Peter Goldblatt & John C. Manning: The Iris Family: . Natural History and Classification, Timber Press, Portland, 2008.
  • Entry in the pacific bulbsociety.
Ovary (botany) KwaZulu-Natal Transvaal Province Agricultural Research Service
390408
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