Hibiscus tilliaceus

Linden Leaf Hibiscus ( Talipariti tiliaceum )

The Hárslevelű Marshmallow ( Talipariti tiliaceum ), even though he no longer belongs to the same genus as the Rose of Sharon, as Linden Roseneibisch called, is a species of the subfamily Malvoideae within the family (Malvaceae ). She has a pantropical distribution and grows naturally along the very coast and on the banks of streams. It is used in many ways, for example, with some varieties used as an ornamental plant. The German common name and the specific epithet tiliaceum refer to the similarity of the leaves of this species with those of Linden (Tilia ).

• 4.1 Notes and references

Description

Appearance and leaf

The Hárslevelű Marshmallow grows achieved as an evergreen shrub or tree, plant height usually 3-8 meters, sometimes up to 10 meters and trunk diameter ( diameter at breast height ) of up to 60 cm. The bark is hairy fluffy and soft with tiny star or spider-shaped trichomes and verkahlt later more or less strong. The bark is gray-white.

The alternate arranged leaves are divided into petiole and leaf blade. The 4-12 cm long petiole is more or less dense, more dense in the upper part, hairy fluffy and they often go off center in the leaf blade over. The leathery, green leaf blade is at a length of usually 6 to 13 cm long and a little wider than most broadly ovate, sometimes slightly pentagonal or nearly circular, with deep sweetheart Spreitenbasis and short tapered at the top. The leaf margin is smooth to obscurely toothed or notched. The leaf surfaces are two-colored, the upper leaf surface is bare and the lower leaf surface is dense with tiny, gray - white stellate hairs pubescent to almost glabrous. In finger-shaped Vein go from seven to nine veins from the petiole, which are raised on the underside of leaves. The one to five main nerves have on the underside of leaves at its base, 2-7 mm long extrafloral nectar glands. The outside with stellate hairs fluffy hairy and inside bare Stipules are at a length of 1.5 to 4 cm and a width of 8 mm to 14 mm oblong- lanceolate with pointed or rounded upper end, have many nerves and they leave at the falling annular leaf scars.

Flower

The flowers appear singly in the leaf axils, sometimes they stand together at the ends of branches in the axils of reduced leaves. There are two side by leaf-like bracts ( Brakteolen ) available. About the joint, the stellate hairs with tiny fluffy hairy flower stem to a length of 0.5 to 3 cm. The little fluffy hairy side cup is more than half as long as the cup and cup-shaped, usually with eight to twelve, rarely up to twenty Besides calyx teeth with a length of 1 to 6 ( rarely up to 20) mm teeth triangular to lanceolate with broadly rounded indentations.

The hermaphrodite flowers are radial symmetry and fünfzählig. The five 1.5 to 2 cm long, dense stellate hairs fluffy hairy sepals are up more than half of their length with each other grow together and at a length of 12 to 15 mm and a width of 6 to 8 mm lanceolate - pointed calyx teeth each have mostly on their midrib a nectar gland. The five among themselves free, but fused with the base of the stamens, petals are ovate with a length of usually 4 to 6 ( up to 8) cm. The petals of natural forms are yellow stain when wilt orange and sometimes they are in the drying dark - greenish; the bell-shaped with a diameter of 6 to 7.5 cm corollas may have a red to purple -colored center. Cultivated forms may also have white, purple or pink petals are. The petals are outside densely pubescent with minute stellate hairs and fluffy inside bare. There are many stamens present. In the subfamily Malvoideae the many stamens are fused into a tube surrounding the stamp, called the stamen tube or Columna. The 2.5 and 3 cm long Columna is pale yellow and bald and ends in five triangular teeth. The stylus has glandular hairs. The Columna is five capitate with a diameter of about 2 mm, purple scars surmounted.

Fruit and seeds

The fünfkammerige capsule fruit is at a length of 1.5 to 2 cm, this is almost the same length as the calyx, and with a diameter of 1.5 to 2 cm almost spherical or slightly obovate. The capsule fruit is outside hairy fluffy with forward -looking yellowish or brownish trichomes. At maturity the fruit capsule opens with five woody valves and contains many seeds. The at a length of about 4 mm niernförmigen seeds are outside bare and smooth or tiny papillae.

Phenology and chromosome number

Talipariti tiliaceum can bloom in the tropics throughout the year and bear fruit, except a dry season causes an interrupt. The main flowering time is in China from June to August.

For the number of chromosomes are different results for Talipariti tiliaceum var before tiliaceum: 2n = 80, 2n = about 92, 2n = 96

Use

The Hárslevelű Marshmallow is an ornamental plant in Fiji, Tahiti, Hawaii, Japan, Taiwan, South China, Malaysia, Indonesia, Australia and the United States.

Talipariti tiliaceum is one of the most commonly used woods Polynesia.

The fibers of the young bark stable ropes, but also book covers and mats were produced. The old bark, also called tapa, was chopped and the Tahitian women made from fiber Skirts ago, they wore their traditional dances. Also in Hainan fibers were obtained from the bast and used for making fishing nets.

The light wood was used for the manufacture of door frames, planks, rowing and outrigger boats.

The flowers are as a remedy for bronchitis, hemorrhoids and abscesses.

Systematics and distribution

The first publication of this kind took place in 1753 under the name Hibiscus tiliaceus by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum, 2, p 694 Under the name Talipariti tiliaceum it is the type species of the genus Talipariti, in 2001 by Paul Arnold Fryxell in Contributions from the University of Michigan Herbarium, 23, pp. 258 was established. Other synonyms for Talipariti tiliaceum (L.) Fryxell are: Hibiscus elatus Sw, Paritium tiliaceum (L.) A.St. - Hil ...

Talipariti tiliaceum belongs to the genus of the tribe Talipariti Hibisceae in the subfamily Malvoideae within the family Malvaceae.

Talipariti tiliaceum is now widespread pantropical. Its English common name " Beach Hibiscus " he owes to the property that it often grows near the beach.

After Fryxell 2001 there has Talipariti tiliaceum of two varieties:

• Talipariti tiliaceum (L.) Fryxell var tiliaceum: The original area of ​​distribution are the coasts of the Indian and western Pacific Ocean.
• Talipariti tiliaceum var pernambucense ( Arruda ) Fryxell: The distribution of the Neotropical coastal areas.

Swell

• Paul Arnold Fryxell: Talipariti ( Malvaceae ), a segregate from Hibiscus, In: . Contributions from the University of Michigan Herbarium, 23, 2001, pp. 225-270. Fryxell 2001 scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org. (Section Description, distribution and systematics)
• Ya Tang, Michael G. Gilbert & Laurence J. Dorr: Malvaceae: Hibiscus tiliaceus Linnaeus, pp. 288 - text the same online as printed work, In: Wu Zheng -yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China, Volume 12: Hippocastanaceae through Theaceae. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 19 November, 2007, ISBN 978-1-930723-64-1. (Section Description, distribution and Creasing )
• Sheet at Australian Native Hibiscus Family. (Section Description, use and dissemination )