Hoh Indian Tribe of the Hoh Indian Reservation

The Hoh are a living in Washington state Indian tribe. They live in the northwest of the Olympic Peninsula. According to the census of 2000 102 people lived in the Reserve, of which 81 were regarded as Native Americans, so as registered native people of the United States.

Originally the Hoh spoke the language of the Quileute, the Chimakum, as their sub-tribe (band) they were long. Like most tribes in the north west, the Hoh lived predominantly of salmon.

History

For 1780 estimates the number of Quileute and the Hoh together to about 500, the Hoh were associated with the Quinault and the Quileute in a confederation. She checked, follow the oral tradition, the area between the Makah in the northwest and Grays Harbor in the south. Together with the Queet were the Hoh responsible for the central portion of the coast to prevent attacks and to protect the hunting grounds - such as against the Klallam. When the dealer Charles Barkley on the Hoh River landed in July 1787 to trade with the local Indians, there were clashes, during which the team was massacred. 1808 came the Hoh again with intruders in conflict, they captured and sold as slaves continue, or bartered. It was Russian traders and Unangan who came from the Aleutian Islands. They were initiated in May 1811 by an American merchant ship.

The contract with the U.S. (1855 /59)

The Hoh lost their tribal area after signing the Quinault River Treaty of 1 July 1855. The territorial governor Isaac Stevens Washington signed the contract on 25 January 1856 it was ratified on March 8, 1859 by Congress.

Struggle for land rights and compensation

By decree (executive order ) of 11 September 1893, the Hoh received a 443 acre tract of reserve. 1905 were counted only 62 Hoh. The not exactly festzustellende decline was mainly due to diseases and assimilation into the rest of society.

1911 called for the Congress on the government in Washington's Olympic not to carry out the privatization and issuance of land in the small Hoh Reservation, but in the much larger of the Quileute. But already in 1913 had to be canceled due to lack of the settlement campaign arable and pasture land.

The area of the reserve in 1954 was cut down.

With the Washington State Indian Jurisdiction Act, the State Government moved in 1963 control of various social programs per se. In the same year accused the four tribes of the Hoh River Treaty to compensation for the ceded land, for they had together received only $ 25,000 to date. It was about areas with a total area of ​​688,000 acres. Date was the 8th März 1858. Hoh and Quileute The received $ 112,152.60, which should be distributed according to the number of members of the tribes.

Self- Government

After the tribe had the Indian Reorganization Act recognized by 1934, there was a long limbo, which ended only on 24 May 1969, the adoption of a constitution. The Hoh Tribal Business Committee, whose members are elected every two years, is the governing body.

In the 1970s, around 15 to 20 people lived on the reservation. The tribe has established a Tribal Government and ensures a constantly updated role in which the tribesmen are listed. 1985 was one of the tribe 91 members.

Current Situation

The Hoh now live in the tiny Hoh Indian Reservation, which comprises only 1.929 km ², and, directly located at the mouth of the Hoh River on the Pacific coast of Jefferson County. The coastal strip is approximately 1.5 km long. 2007 were permanently resident in the reserve 86 of the 147 registered Hoh.

Most tribesmen living from fishing, but also basketry and carving play a certain role, including the manufacture of canoes counts. Two of the Hoh mastered this art yet in the 80s, and they have passed on their knowledge. There are also seafood, which are picked up or caught in nets from the beach. The 1954 cleared forests have a chance to recover in the course of the last half century, so some Hoh now find work in a small timber.

Once a day looking for a doctor, a dentist and a nurse at the hospital in Queets or from the Roger Saux Health Center in Taholah. Students learn in Forks. Most Hoh are Protestants, include some of the Indian Shaker Church at.

Chair person is Vivian Lee.