Hygrophila (plant)

Indian Hygrophila ( Hygrophila polysperma ), submerged

Water Friends ( Hygrophila ), sometimes called water Wedel, are a genus of flowering plants in the family Acanthaceae ( Acanthaceae ). Hygrophila species there are in tropical and subtropical regions of the New and Old World. They are mainly from South East Asia. Some species are neophytes in some countries.

  • 4.1 Notes and references

Description

Hygrophila species are herbaceous plants. Plant parts can be hairy or hairless. The leaves are petiolate against permanent or sessile with simple leaf blade.

The flowers are borne in differently shaped inflorescences with foliage leaf-like, oblong- lanceolate bracts and linealischen bracts in lateral or terminal.

The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and fünfzählig with double perianth. The calyx has four to five calyx lobes of unequal size. The five petals are fused into a cylindrical corolla tube. The crown is two-lipped, the upper lip erect and slightly bilobed lower lip is slightly three-lobed, while the upper lip is shorter than the lower lip. There are four stamens present; either all fertile or is it a pair of fertile stamens and a pair of staminodes present. The stamens of each stamen pair are fused together at the base. The protruding from the crown anthers are two-piece and mucronate. Two carpels are fused into a two-chambered, superior ovaries. There are usually four to eight (two to eighteen) ovules in each ovary chamber. The thin stylus is back curved and hairy. The upper lobe of the scar is shed, the scar looks simple.

The non- stalked, oblong- cylindrical capsule fruits contain mostly 8 to 16 ( 4-36 ) seeds. Act The hairy seeds compressed and are ovoid to spherical.

Use

Food

In China, leaves of Hygrophila lancea be eaten with oil and salt. In India, the leaves are eaten by Hygrophila serphyllum ( in Ahmadnagar and Bombay, says there Godadi ) and Hygrophila spinosa ( Igatpuri, Nasik and Mumbai, says there Kolosana ).

Hunting and

Many members of this genus play a role in the aquarium hobby. They are easy to maintain than. The Indian water friend and the Indian water stars are among the species that are most frequently as " bunches " offered. They are among the most frugal and best aquarium plants, since they also tolerate conditions under which already go many other aquarium plants is based.

System

Synonyms for Hygrophila R.Br. are: Asteracantha Nees, Cardanthera Buch.-Ham. ex Benth. & Hook. f, Kita A. Chev. , Nomaphila Flower, Synnema Benth .. Some authors also include the species of the genera Hemiadelphis Nees and Santapaua NPBalakr. & Zubr. in this genus. The genus Hygrophila belongs to the tribe Ruellieae in the subfamily Acanthoideae within the family Acanthaceae.

There are about 80 species of Hygrophila:

To be found in aquariums dealer lists (selection):

  • Giant Hygrophila ( Hygrophila corymbosa (Blume ) Lindau)
  • Hygrophila serpyllum ( Nees ) T.Anders. It is native to India.

Valid after GRIN are (selection) and new style:

  • Hygrophila auriculata ( Schumach. ) Heine ( Syn: Asteracantha longifolia (L.) Nees, Barleria auriculata Schumach, Barleria longifolia L., Hygrophila Schulli MRAlmeida & SMAlmeida, Hygrophila spinosa T.Anders. . )
  • Guyanese Hygrophila ( Hygrophila costata Nees et al, Syn. Hygrophila brasiliensis ( Spreng. ) Linda, Hygrophila guianensis Nees, Ruellia brasiliensis Spreng. )
  • Indian Water Star ( Hygrophila difformis ( L. f ) Flower, Syn: Hygrophila triflora ( Roxb. ) FRFosberg & M. H.Sachet, Cardanthera triflora ( Roxb. ) Buch.-Ham ex Voigt, Ruellia triflora Roxb. ., Synnema triflora ( Roxb. ) Kuntze ): It grows at altitudes of about 200 meters in the tropical Himalayas, India.
  • Hygrophila lacustris ( Schltdl. & Cham. ) Nees
  • Hygrophila phlomoides Nees
  • Indian Hygrophila ( Hygrophila polysperma ( Roxb. ) T.Anderson )
  • Hygrophila pogonocalyx Hayata
  • Hygrophila ringens (L.) R.Br. ex Steud. ( Syn: Hygrophila angustifolia R.Br., Hygrophila quadrivalvis Buch.-Ham, Hygrophila salicifolia ( Vahl ) Nees, Ruellia ringens L., Ruellia salicifolia Vahl, Hygrophila lancea ( Thunb. ) Miq. . )
  • Hygrophila urquiolae Greuter et al.: It is known only from a single locality in the Cuban province of Matanzas, where it thrives in a swampy area near the north coast of Cuba.

Swell

  • Kamal Akhtar Malik Abdul Ghafoor &: Hygrophila in the Flora of Pakistan: Online. (Section Description and systematics)
  • LH Durkee: Hygrophila In: Flora of Panama, Part IX, In: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, Volume 65, 1978: Online.
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