Hyperrealism (visual arts)

The hyper-realism, and Super Realism is an art direction, painting and sculpture, but also includes photography and film. The realism has always been an important element in the series of styles in art. Hyperrealism is a further development of realism and adjacent to Pop Art His ideal is not necessarily an exact replica of live faithful, as is typical for realism, but a photo-realistic exaggeration of reality, an " over sharpened reality." The abstraction is rejected.

An essential element of the hyper-realism is the lack of subjective interpretation by the artist. Hyperrealism utilizes expression of photorealism, in which the image contents painted with a hint of a photograph of detail. During the Photorealism by the brilliant, realistic depiction wants to be beautiful especially, the hyper-realism in the representation cool and profane " exaggerated disturbing " reality, the question of the nature of things in an almost ironic, existential context. For example, the landscape paintings of Gottfried Helnwein mostly works of photorealism, because they are " beautiful " are primarily, but not have the disturbing nature of his portraits. These are due to the contrast assign by the artist made ​​visible scars and wounds rather the hyper-realism; the boundaries are fluid, where it is " irrelevant whether these images are photographed or painted ."

Development

However, trends and intention of hyperrealism are not new. Already in the sculpture of antiquity can be Intentions ( gods ) to make characters as realistic as possible, and decorated accordingly, that an " eerie " feeling real figures produced in the reception of antiquity in the late 19th century -. Especially after the discovery of the " painted " antique character - has been around for a few decades, a style of sculpture emerged which aim towards this effect effect. For example, William of Rümann (1850 Hannover - 1906 Corsica), has a sculptor of the Munich school, realistic painted such sculptures in specially dyed bronze, but especially in this more suitable clay and terracotta material created in the material structure, but also in the incarnate "material real" appearing, with amazing effects that hardly inferior to the later American art style. known for was his " water Broadcaster Romans ". Even manufacture Goldscheider Wien was for the production hyper realistic surface treatment for many of the sculptures placed there - especially in clay - known. The examples of the 19th century, however, due to age, the formerly naturalistic effect is often largely lost by Patina influence. Hyper Realistic mainly North American artists worked in the period 1965-1970 ( and Others Chuck Close, Don Eddy, Richard Estes and Malcolm Morley ). Sculptors such as John de Andrea, Edward Kienholz, Duane Hanson or created from wax or plastic reproductions of, for example, homeless or museum visitors (see Environments), whose realism was so impressive that visitors to the respective exhibitions were troubled at the sight of the supposed reality. Attention also attracted the exhibition of three life-size, such as stuffed acting camels of artist Nancy Graves at the Whitney Museum in 1969. The works of Ron Mueck, the Bülent Gündüz with Maurizio Cattelan and Patricia Piccinini to the " triumvirate of hyperrealism " counts fall into this tradition of hyper-realistic figures classified.

In the art scene of the Leipzig School developed in GDR times, in addition to numerous other stylistic forms and manifestations of hyper-realism, whereby the Leipzig painting was interesting for the West German art market. Realistic and hyper-realistic tendencies are also reflected in modern art at the beginning of the 21st century ( New Leipzig School ).

Hyper realism in painting

In painting are available for this direction in particular Chuck Monroe, Don Eddy, Claudio Bravo, Chuck Close, Richard Estes, Ralph Goings, Audrey Flack, Vija Celmins, Franz Gertsch or Gottfried Helnwein. Contemporary artists working among others with hyper-realistic agents are, Jeff Koons, Ron Mueck and Luigi Rocca and the airbrush Hajime Sorayama, Gerard Boersma and Dru Blair and numerous other artists ( in Germany, for example, Maximilian Pfalzgraf, Gunther Hermann, Lars Reiffers, Dietmar Gross or Roland H. Heyder with his " fantastic realism "). The Swede Tommy T.C. Carlsson works with hyper-realistic style elements in its object art ( " Modern Art Illusion "). A headstrong representatives between hyperrealism and the post-modern pluralism is born in Brussels in 1942 Roland Delcol.

Criticism

A critical view of the hyper-realism emphasizes the lack of imagination of the presentation: " The hyper-realism away the possibilities that painting, in favor of a simple joke within the rivalry between painting and photography. " American hyperrealism of the 60s and 70s of the 20th century in described Europe as " American to the point of caricature ": " This further developed and more widely used hyperrealism of Pop Art of the 60s was provocative and hyper- hyper- hyper- superficial and commercially. "