James Israel
James Adolf Israel ( born February 2, 1848 in Berlin, † February 20, 1926 in Berlin) was a German urologist and surgeon.
James Adolf Israel can be considered a pioneer of modern urological surgery and inventive plastic surgeon and a pioneer of clinical asepsis. In addition, he described the first time a actinomycetes, Gram-positive bacteria ( in particular Actinomyces israelii ) caused infection ( actinomycosis ) and was co-discoverer of a bradycardic response phenomenon ( Nicoladoni - Israel - Branham sign).
Family
He was the second oldest of three siblings and came from a Jewish family that had emigrated from the Iberian peninsula via Holland to Mecklenburg. The ancestors were mostly established since 1700 in Schwerin as merchants or financial advisor. His father, Adolph Israel (1816-1892), merchant, was in the silk industry in Berlin. The mother, Johanna (1823-1892) was born as the daughter of the Berlin entrepreneur Joel Wolff Meyer also from a wealthy family. The childhood spent Israel alternately in Berlin and Mecklenburg on a farm.
In 1880 he married Meta Goldstein. The marriage produced four children: William Arthur and Israel were both significant surgeons, Charlotte and her husband Siegfried Levi came in the concentration camps of the German Reich to. Else's second husband Arthur Bloch was executed in occupied Belgium in 1943 by the SS.
Education and work
From 1857 he attended the Friedrich-Wilhelms -Gymnasium in Berlin, which he had already completed the age of 17. He then studied medicine at the Friedrich- Wilhelms- University of Berlin and received his doctorate on 3 June 1870. The dissertation was developed under the influence of Ludwig Traube.
At the outbreak of the Franco-German war of 1870 he was employed as a military doctor. He expressed here his medical duties grown excellently and was also awarded for his bravery. In 1871, Israel paid a year studying in Vienna. In Berlin, he joined as an assistant doctor of surgery in the hospital of the Berlin Jewish community. Here Bernhard von Langenbeck led the surgical ward.
Israel recognized as one of the first in Germany the importance of Joseph Lister, 1st Baron Lister, initiated principles of antisepsis and traveled to England in 1874 in order to make the new doctrine for his Berlin hospital can be used. As decided by Langenbeck in 1875 to abandon the line of the Jewish Hospital, Israel was in fact chief physician of the surgical department, at the same time he opened a private practice. In 1880, he finally came over from Langenbecks.
Israel suffered probably from a chronic gastric ulcer, which forced him to seek the advice of Adolf Kussmaul toward a longer holiday in Montreux. Kussmaul treated Israel with a diet that led to a favorable outcome. On his return to Berlin, founded Israel in 1886 its own private clinic, which was equipped antiseptic from the beginning. The introduction of asepsis made in 1892 opened clinic to one of the most modern hospitals of the time. As you to leave him at the beginning of the 1890s under the condition baptized, offered a chair at the University of Berlin, he refused this. In 1894 he received the first doctor without habilitation, yet the title of professor at the initiative of Ernst von Bergmann. But it had now converted to a urological department of surgery the Jewish Hospital.
In 1915 he was called to the Ottoman Empire for the treatment of the Sultan. 1917, Israel withdrew from the Jewish hospital, but continued to practice in his private clinic.
Performance
Notable research were the bradycardic phenomenon in compression above an arteriovenous aneurysm (1877 ) and his work on the discovery of the ray-fungus as the causative agent of actinomycosis in humans (1878, 1879, 1882).
Israel has published more than 170 papers on many medical topics, with emphasis on urological surgical field since 1884. Israel can certainly be described as a pioneer of urologic surgery. He had an overview of all areas of medicine, was characterized by precise scientific thinking and developed a sensitive palpation.
Israel also designed a hospital train ( a rolling hospital on railroad tracks ).
Israel's name is mainly associated with three surgical procedures: the two-stage coverage of a continuous cheek defect, the three -time rhinoplasty and plastic funnel-shaped reduction in the ( unopened ) renal pelvis with hydronephrosis. In addition carry the technique of bimanual Nierenpalpation ( in the lateral position of the patient), the flank incision and blunt rack hook (4-6 terminally slightly upturned prongs, 4-7 cm wide, handle with finger hole ) his name.
Israel was co-founder of the journal Folia Urologica ( from 1907, later magazine for urological surgery). The international recognition of Israel was expressed in the Presidency of the International Urologists Congress in Paris 1908 ( Vice-Presidency 1914) from.
Works
- Five cases of diffuse nephritis. Diss med Berlin 1870
- Angiectasie in the current territories of the anterior tibial antica. Observing some more remarkable phenomena after ligation of the femoral artery. Arch Klin Chir 21 (1877) 109
- Clinical contributions to the knowledge of human actinomycosis. Berlin 1885
- Surgical Clinic of renal diseases. Berlin 1901
- The surgery of the kidney and the ureter. 1926