Jasmine

Polyanthum flowers of Jasminum

Jasminum is a genus of flowering plants in the family Oleaceae ( Oleaceae ). To this genus includes some important fragrance and ornamental plants such as jasmine True or winter jasmine.

• 4.1 Notes and references

Description

Vegetative characteristics

There are in the genus Jasminum both deciduous as well as evergreen woody species. Many species are climbing plants ( lianas ), but there are also upright growing small trees and shrubs. The stems of plants are often hard and edgy. The leaves can be either alternate as opposite, rarely whorled also. The petiole usually has a joint. The leaf blades are simple, three-piece or imparipinnate.

Generative features

The inflorescences are in principle zymös, but it can very different forms - grape or rispenartig, umbel- shaped or shaped little head - accept. In some species, such as the Winter jasmine, the inflorescences are reduced too often individual flowers.

The hermaphrodite flowers are heterostyl in most species. In many species, the flowers smell strong and pleasant. The sepals are usually bell-shaped or funnel-shaped fused with usually four to 16 tiny calyx lobes. The crown consists of a long, narrow corolla tube and four to 16, in most species, only four to six wheel-shaped spread lobes. The color of the crown is usually white or yellow, in some species also barren reddish pink. The buds and the corolla tube, however, are often colored red. The two stamens are inserted on about half of the corolla tube and not tower over them. The stamens are short. Two carpels are fused to an above- permanent, two-chambered ovary. Each ovary chamber containing one to two ovules. The thin style ends in a capitate or bilobed scar.

The black when ripe berry is divided into two parts, which in some species also one half of the berry is reduced regularly.

Occurrence

The Jasminum species are native to the tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, Africa, Madagascar, Australia and the Pacific Islands, so the Old World. Few species also come from the Mediterranean region ( Jasminum fruticans ) or from the Canary Islands or the Azores.

Many species are cultivated outside their home but also for their flowers or their scent. Some species are also wild in various parts of the world.

Most of Jasminum species grow in thickets or in bushes, for example, along the edges of forests and rivers.

System

The genus name Jasminum first published in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum, 1, p 7. As Lectotypusart Jasminum officinale L. 1929 has been set. Synonyms for Jasminum L. are: Jack Sonia hort. ex Schltdl. nom. inval. , Jasminium Dum. orth var, Mogorium Juss., Noldeanthus Knobl. The genus Jasminum belongs to the tribe Jasmineae in the family Oleaceae.

The genus Jasminum include, depending on view more than 200 to more than 400 species that are distributed among the Jasminum, alternifolia, primulina, trifoliolata and Unifoliolata sections; Here is a selection:

• Jasminum angular Vahl ( Syn: Jasminum capense Thunb. ): The home is South Africa
• Jasminum angustifolium (L.) Willd. The home is India and Sri Lanka
• Jasminum attenuatum Roxb. The home is India, Myanmar, Thailand and China ( Yunnan )
• Jasminum auriculatum Vahl: The home is India, Nepal and Sri Lanka
• Jasminum azoricum L.: It is native to Madeira
• Pink Jasmine ( Jasminum beesianum Forrest & Diels ): Carmine rose blooming; is the home of China ( Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan )
• Jasminum dichotomum Vahl: The home is Africa
• Jasminum dispermum Wall:. The home is India, Bhutan, Nepal, Myanmar, Thailand and China ( Xizang, Yunnan )
• Jasminum elegans Knobl. The home is Madagascar and Aldabra
• Jasminum elongatum ( P.J.Bergius ) Willd. ( Syn: Jasminum undulatum Ker Gawl. ): The home is the tropical Asia, China and Australia
• Jasminum floridum Bunge ( Syn: Jasminum giraldii Diels ): The home is China ( Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan )
• Jasminum fluminense Vell: The home is Africa and Arabia; . but the species is naturalized in North America, South America and Hawaii
• Shrub jasmine ( Jasminum fruticans L.): The home is Southern and Eastern Europe, West Asia and Central Asia and North Africa
• Jasminum grandiflorum L. (syn.: Jasminum floribundum R.Br. ex Fresen. ): The home is Africa, Arabia, India and Pakistan
• Low jasmine ( Jasminum humile L.): The home is Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan and China ( Gansu, Guizhou, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan )
• Jasminum lanceolarium Roxb. ( Syn: Jasminum nitidum Skan ): The home is India, Bhutan, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Taiwan and China
• Primrose jasmine ( Jasminum mesnyi Hance, Syn: Jasminum primulinum Hemsl. ): The home is China ( Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan )
• Jasminum multiflorum ( Burm. f ) Andrews ( Syn: Jasminum gracillimum Hook f, Jasminum pubescens ( Retz. ) Willd.. ): The home is India and Thailand
• Jasminum multipartitum Hochst. The home is Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Swaziland and South Africa
• Jasminum nobile CBClake: The home is Cambodia, Myanmar and Thailand
• Winter jasmine ( Jasminum nudiflorum Lindl. ): A type of western China that is cultivated as the only hardy species of the genus in Central Europe.
• Jasminum odoratissimum L.: A strong smelling kind; their home is Madeira, the Canary Islands and Africa.
• True jasmine ( Jasminum officinale L.): The home is Western, Central and South Asia
• . Jasminum polyanthum Franch: The home is China ( Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan ); naturalized it also happens in New Zealand
• Arabian Jasmine ( Jasminum sambac (L.) Aiton ): The home is India
• Jasminum simplicifolium G.Forst. ( Syn: Jasminum suavissimum Lindl. ): The home is Australia, Fiji, New Caledonia, Vanuatu and Tonga
• Jasminum sinense Hemsl. The home is China and Taiwan
• Jasminum × stephanense Lemoine ( = J. beesianum × J. officinale): The home is China ( Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan )
• Jasminum subhumile W.W.Sm. ( Syn: Jasminum heterophyllum Roxb. ): The home is India, Nepal, Myanmar and China (Sichuan, Yunnan )
• Jasminum subtriplinerve Flower: The home is India, Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia
• Jasminum Tortuosum Willd. The home is South Africa.
• Jasminum urophyllum Hemsl.

As ornamental plants also some hybrids are cultivated.

Swell

• Mei - chen Chang, Lien -ching Chiu, Zhi Wei & Peter S. Green: Oleaceae in the Flora of China, Volume 15, 1996, p 307: Jasminum - Online.