John Braithwaite (criminologist)
John Braithwaite ( born July 30, 1951 in Ipswich, Australia) is an Australian criminologist and sociologist. He is one of the world's most famous representatives of scientific criminology. Braithwaite developed the concept of reintegrative shaming and is internationally recognized as a leading representative of Restorative Justice. In addition, he has dealt with industrial sociology and has worked with Ian Ayres, a socio-legal regulation theory.
Life and work
Braithwaite studied psychology, anthropology and sociology at the University of Queensland and in 1977 to the Ph.D. doctorate in sociology. Since then he has worked in academic teaching of criminology, including at New York University. Braithwaite is Professor of Criminology at the Australian National University.
With his concept of reintegrative shaming Braithwaite presented a general theory of crime, in which he traditional sociological explanations (such as subculture theory, learning theory, support theory and Anomietheorie ) linked together and to the labeling approach and this is also in a relationship with the empirical results of Entwicklungskriminologie brings.
The central concept in his theory is the shaming ( shaming ). This internal control is created in the individual, which sets the direction for him socially accepted behavior. Should, however, delinquency, shaming two versions are possible by the social environment: The stigmatizing shaming ( exclusion ) and the reintegrierende Shame ( inclusion). Only the reintegrative shaming guarantees a low relapse delinquency. However, this method requires communities that are inclusive ready and capable.
In the field of political theory and sociology of law Braithwaite for his theory of " responsive law " (with Ian Ayres ) is known. On the development of globalized markets, he has expanded this approach to a theory of regulatory capitalism.
Criticism
Among the approaches to restorative justice and reintegrative shaming is doubted by other criminological authors that highly complex societies have sufficient bond strength to make between including humiliation of dissenters. Braithwaite won his findings from the observation of pre-modern cultures.
According to Stefanie Eifler also are no empirical studies to verify the reintegrative shaming. However Eiflers criticism must be described as too general: even if Braithwaite's theory is not easy to operationalize, so there are now but before some studies that suggest that an as -experienced reintegrativ " Shame " rückfallvermeidende effects pulls itself.
Honors
Braithwaite was much honored for his scientific work. He received the 2004 as the second non-American winners the Sutherland Prize of the American Society of Criminology. Him the Prix Emile Durkheim of the International Society of Criminology was awarded in 2005 and 2006 he was awarded the Stockholm Prize in Criminology. In 2008 he was awarded an honorary doctorate of the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven.
Writings (selection )
- Regulatory capitalism: how it works, ideas for making it work better, Edward Elgar Publishing, 2008
- Restorative Justice and Responsive Regulation, New York: Oxford University Press, 2002
- Regulation, Crime, Freedom. Aldershot: Dartmouth, 2000
- ( with Ian Ayres ) Responsive Regulation: Transcending the Deregulation Debate, Oxford University Press, 1995
- Crime, Shame and Reintegration, Cambridge University Press, 1989
- Corporate Crime in the pharmaceutical Industry, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1984.