John Martyn (botanist)
John Martyn (* September 12, 1699 in London, † January 29, 1768 in Chelsea ) was an English botanist. Its official botanical author abbreviation is " J.Martyn ".
Life
John Martyn is the son of the Hamburg merchant Thomas Martyn and his wife Katharine Weedon. He was born on September 12, 1699 at London's Queen Street, attended a private school in the neighborhood and worked with 16 years in the accounting office of his father.
In the summer of 1718 raised the pharmacist Wilmer, who later became a demonstrator at the Chelsea Physic Garden, was his interest in botany, which was funded by Patrick Blair and William Sherard on. Already in 1720 Joseph Pitton de Tournefort Martyn translated Histoire des plantes from French into English.
About 1721 he made the acquaintance of Johann Jacob Dillen. Together with him, Philip Miller, Thomas Dale and others, he founded a botanical society, which initially met every Saturday morning at the Rainbow Coffee House, Watling Street, which consisted of five years. Martyn was secretary of this society and thought she lectures on the technical terms used in the natural sciences.
1725 and 1726, he gave public lectures in London botanical. During this time he also assembled a panel plant with medicinal plants, which he ruled according to the scheme of John Ray and appeared under the title Tabulae synopticae.
On March 30, 1727, he was elected as suggested by John Diodate ( 1690-1727 ) as a member of the Royal Society. In the same year he held the first ever held at the University of Cambridge botanical lectures. He created for his students an abridged version of Ray originally alphabetically -ordered catalog of the Cambridge plant and turned it again to its plant systematics. From 1727 to 1730 he lived in Great St Helen's ( Bishopsgate, London).
1728 the first decade of the panels of Historia Plantarum Rariorum has been published. The work contained pictures of some newly introduced, and the Chelsea Physic Garden of cultured plants. Many of originating from North America and the West Indies plants were collected by William Houstoun, and sent to England. They were drawn by Jacob van Huysum (1680-1740), the elder brother of the Dutch painter Jan van Huysum and engraved by Edward Kirkall ( 1692-1750 ). The panels were printed with a colored mezzotint technique and then nachcoloriert with water colors. The work is one of the first botanical works in which the color was used. According to published four more decades to 1738 the work had a circumference of 52 panels.
On May 26, 1730 Martyn was admitted at Emmanuel College Cambridge for the study of medicine, gave the study but after five semesters back on. Together with Alexander Russel, he was from 1730 to 1737, the satirical Grub Street Journal and wrote their own contributions for it.
John Martyn married on August 20, 1732 Eulalia King, the youngest daughter of King John, the rector of Chelsea and Prebendary of York was. With her he had three sons and five daughters. One of his sons is the botanist Thomas Martyn ( 1735-1825 ).
After the death of Richard Bradley, he was elected on February 8, 1733 to his successor and thus to the Professor of Botany at the University of Cambridge. A post he held until 1762, but lasted only two or three years lectures.
Admitted free of his obligations, he turned to the publication and translation of the works of Virgil. 1741 appeared his, Annotated, English translation of Virgil's Georgics, with support from Edmond Halley supported the astronomical part. 1749 was followed by the translation of the Bucolics.
1749 his wife died Eulalia. In July 1750, he married Mary Anne Fonnereau, the daughter of a London merchant, who bore him another son. 1752 the family moved to a farm in Hill House ( Streatham Common, Surrey ).
From his post as Professor of Botany at Cambridge he retired, his son Thomas 's sake, who succeeded him in this office, on January 30, 1761 back. John Martyn died on January 29, 1768 in Chelsea.
Ehrentaxon
William Houstoun named in his honor, the genus of the plant family Martynia the Gemsenhorngewächse ( Martyniaceae ). Linnaeus later took the name.
Works (selection)
- Tournefort 's ' History of Plants Growing about Paris, with Their Uses in Physick; and A Mechanical Account of the operation of Medecines. Translated into English, with many Additions. And Accommodated to the Plants growing in Great-Britain. London, 1720
- Tabulae synopticae plantarum officinalium ad methodum Raianam dispositae. 1726
- Methodus Plantarum circa Cantabrigiam nascentium. 1727
- Historia Plantarum Rariorum. London: Richard Reily, 1728-1738
- Pub. Virgilii Maronis Georgi libri quatuor Corum. The Georgicks of Virgil, with an English translation and notes. 1741
- Pub. Virgilii Maronis Bucolicorum Eclogues decem. The Bucolicks of Virgil with an English translation and notes. 1749
- Dissertations and critical remarks upon the Aeneids of Virgil .... London, 1770 ( posthumously )
Swell
- Alexander Chalmers: The General Biographical Dictionary: Containing Historical and Critical Account of the Lives of and Writings of the most Eminent Persons in Every Nation; Particularly the British and Irish; from the Earliest Accounts to the Present Time. London, 1812-1817. - 32 volumes
- Wilfrid Blunt: The Art of Botanical Illustration: An Illustrated History. Dover Publications. In 1994. ISBN 0-486-27265-6