John Tenniel
Sir John Tenniel (* February 28, 1820 in London, † February 25, 1914 in London) was a British illustrator and watercolorist.
Tenniel drew many cartoons for the British satirical magazine Punch. One of his most famous - and one of the most famous cartoons ever - was " Dropping the Pilot " (Eng. mostly " The pilot leaves the ship " ) for dismissal of the German Chancellor Otto von Bismarck in 1890.
Greatest notoriety gained Tenniel's illustrations for Lewis Carroll's Alice in Wonderland and its second part the Looking Glass. Because of his work he was elected a member of the Royal Institute of Painters in Watercolours.
Life
Tenniel was born in London. Although he initially only subject who then was a student at the Royal Academy of Arts, he taught himself most of the techniques for his later career self-taught at. In 1836 he submitted a first image to an exhibition of the Royal Society of British Artists. In 1845 he contributed the cartoon An Allegory of Justice for the wall design of the new Palace of Westminster. The job brought him to make the premium of £ 200 a and approval, a fresco in the Upper Waiting Hall ( Hall of Poets ) in the House of Lords.
Despite his preference for the "higher fine arts ," he was mainly appreciated as a humorist. His acquaintance with the painter and draftsman Charles Keene also promoted his talent for academic cartoons.
Christmas 1850 Tenniel from Mark Lemon, the founder of the satirical magazine Punch invited to draw along with John Leech as a cartoonist for the paper. Lemon chose him because of his illustrations to the fables of Aesop. Tenniel's drawing first appeared in Punch Volume XIX on page 224 His first cartoon, Lord Jack the Giant Killer, John Russell pointed the Cardinal Nicholas Wiseman.
To the Indian rebellion of 1857 made Tenniel illustrations like Justice and The British Lion's Vengeance on the Bengal Tiger, which reflected the feelings of the British people. 1865 Tenniel illustrated the first edition of Alice in Wonderland. The sale of 2,000 incunabula was stopped because Tenniel was dissatisfied with the print quality. A new edition, dated 1866, already published in December 1865. The book was a great success and strengthened sustainably Tenniel's fame. The illustrations were, as well as Carroll's tale in the history of literature, and later served the Paramount film adaptation of 1933 (directed by Norman Z. McLeod ) as a template for the costumes.
Tenniel's illustrations were carved into wood blocks for printing. The originals are now in the collection of the Bodleian Library at Oxford University. During his career Tenniel produced at about 2,300 cartoons, innumerable minor drawings, double -page cartoons for Punch's Almanac and other special expenses, such as 250 designs for Punch's Pocket -books. Around 1885, he moved into an annual salary in the amount of $ 7,000 for his weekly Punch cartoons. 1893 Tenniel was elevated to Knight.
1895 and 1900 have been shown in exhibitions John Tenniel's work. A mosaic designed by him is in the Victoria and Albert Museum. When Tenniel retired retired in January 1901, he was at a banquet by Arthur Balfour, at the time chairman of the House of Commons adopted. Tenniel's successor as "chief cartoonist " when Punch was John Bernard Partridge.