José Malcampo, 3rd Marquis of San Rafael
José Malcampo y Monge, Marquis ( Marquis ) de San Rafael, Count ( Conde ) of Jolo and Viscount ( Vizconde ) de Mindanao (* 1828 in San Fernando ( Cadiz ), † 1880 in Sanlúcar de Barrameda ( Cádiz ) ) was a Spanish rear-admiral, politician and Prime Minister of Spain (Presidente del Gobierno ).
- 2.1 External links
- 2.2 Notes and references
Life
Naval officer and deputy
After school one trained as a naval officer. In 1856 he was a naval captain founders of the first Masonic lodge in the Philippines ( Primera Luz Filipina ).
Later he took part in the revolution (La Gloriosa ) from September 1868 and was since then also politically active. On January 15, 1871, he was elected Members of Parliament ( Congreso de los Deputies ), where he successively held the interests of constituencies Logroño, Badajoz, and finally of Cádiz in three legislatures, until 24 August 1872. On March 21, 1871, he was also elected to represent the province of Cádiz for the legislative period 1871-1872 for Senator.
Prime Minister and Governor General of the Philippines
On October 5, 1871, he was appointed Prime Minister of Spain (Presidente del Gobierno ), replacing Manuel Ruiz Zorrilla. As such, he also took over the office of the Marine Minister ( Ministro de Marina ) and at times from October to November 1871 the Acting Minister of Foreign Affairs ( Ministro de Estado ).
In fact, the Cortes voted a majority at that time being for Práxedes Mateo Sagasta, but who refused to take over the government formation at this time to instead Leader of the Partido Constitucional ( Constitution Party). On 21 December 1871 he was forced to resign and hand over the office of prime minister to Sagasta, which then, however, appointed him Secretary of the Navy then, however. As such, he belonged to the government until the end of Sagasta term on 26 May 1872.
On June 18, 1874, he was captain general ( Capitán General ) and Governor of the Philippines appointed.
As such, it was up to the February 28, 1877 in office. 1875 was promoted to Rear Admiral. During his tenure, he organized the fight against piracy in the Sulu Archipelago. In particular, however he managed differently from his predecessors a more important success for the relaxation of the crisis between Christians and Muslims in the southern Philippines. In 1876 he brought the Sultan of Jolo, Gamal al-Din Alam, due to the superiority of the Spanish steamships a crushing defeat at that that signed a peace treaty in July 1878 in which the Sultan undertook henceforth the Christian settlements in peace to leave and to allow missionaries to stay in Jolo. In return he received from the Spanish Government an annual salary and the promise of the free exercise of the religion of Islam.
For his services he was raised to 1875 as Markgraf ( Marquis ) de San Rafael in the peerage. In addition, he was posthumously appointed to the Count ( Conde ) of Jolo and the viscounts ( Vizconde ) of Mindanao on 27 April 1881.